{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T22:36:58Z","timestamp":1787697418751,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,3]],"date-time":"2022-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646265600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Variable clinical criteria taken by medical professionals across the world for myocarditis following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination along with wide variation in treatment necessitates understanding and reviewing the same. A systematic review was conducted to elucidate the clinical findings, laboratory parameters, treatment and outcomes of individuals with myocarditis after COVID-19 vaccination after registering with PROSPERO. Electronic databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, LitCovid, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar and Web of Science were searched. A total of 85 articles encompassing 2184 patients were analysed. It was a predominantly male (73.4%) and young population (mean age: 25.5\u2009\u00b1\u200914.2\u2009years) with most having taken an mRNA-based vaccine (99.4%). The mean duration from vaccination to symptom onset was 4.01\u2009\u00b1\u20096.99\u2009days. Chest pain (90.1%), dyspnoea (25.7%) and fever (11.9%) were the most common symptoms. Only 2.3% had comorbidities. CRP was elevated in 83.3% and cardiac troponin in 97.6% patients. An abnormal ECG was reported in 979\/1313 (74.6%) patients with ST-segment elevation being most common (34.9%). Echocardiographic data were available for 1243 patients (56.9%), of whom 288 (23.2%) had reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (76.5%), steroids (14.1%) followed by colchicine (7.3%) were used for treatment. Only 6 patients died among 1317 of whom data were available. Myocarditis following COVID-19 vaccination is often mild, seen more commonly in young healthy males and is followed by rapid recovery with conservative treatment. The emergence of this adverse event calls for harmonizing case definitions and definite treatment guidelines, which require wider research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcac064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,28]],"date-time":"2022-02-28T22:12:00Z","timestamp":1646086320000},"page":"7-25","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Myocarditis post-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"116","author":[{"given":"M","family":"Goyal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Seth GSMC & KEMH From the , Acharya Donde Marg, Parel East, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400012, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I","family":"Ray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Medical College , AB Rd, CRP Line, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452001, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Mascarenhas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neonatology, Seth GSMC & KEMH , Acharya Donde Marg, Parel East, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400012, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Kunal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, ESIC Medical College & Hospital , NH-3, KL Mehta Rd, behind BK Hospital, New Industrial Town, Faridabad, Haryana 121012, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R A","family":"Sachdeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, ESIC Medical College & Hospital , NH-3, KL Mehta Rd, behind BK Hospital, New Industrial Town, Faridabad, Haryana 121012, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1701-4970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P","family":"Ish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital , Ansari Nagar West, New Delhi, Delhi 110029, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023021420593530600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2021.05.008","article-title":"COVID-19 variants in India: potential role in second wave and impact on vaccination","volume":"50","author":"Kunal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heart Lung"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4081\/monaldi.2021.1816","article-title":"The initial experience of COVID-19 vaccination from a tertiary care centre of India","volume":"91","author":"Srivastava","year":"2021","journal-title":"Monaldi Arch Chest Dis"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3283","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.24.3283","article-title":"Myopericarditis following smallpox vaccination among vaccinia-naive US military personnel","volume":"289","author":"Halsell","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2020.12.046","article-title":"Myopericarditis after vaccination, Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 1990-2018","volume":"39","author":"Su","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2101765","article-title":"BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 vaccine in a nationwide mass vaccination setting","volume":"384","author":"Dagan","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.191393","article-title":"ACC\/AHA\/ACR\/ASE\/ASNC\/HRS\/NASCI\/RSNA\/SAIP\/SCAI\/SCCT\/SCMR\/SIR 2008 Key Data Elements and Definitions for Cardiac Imaging: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Data Standards (Writing Committee to Develop Clinical Data Standards for Cardiac Imaging)","volume":"119","author":"Hendel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2021.11.074","article-title":"Myocarditis and pericarditis: case definition and guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of immunization safety data","volume":"40","author":"Tejtel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","author":"National Institutes of Health","year":"2014"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2S","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.95.2_Supplement.2S","article-title":"Rules of evidence and clinical recommendations on the use of antithrombotic agents","volume":"95","author":"Sackett","year":"1989","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1856","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2021.06.002","article-title":"Possible association between COVID-19 vaccine and myocarditis: clinical and CMR findings","volume":"14","author":"Shaw","year":"2021","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.06.083","article-title":"Myopericarditis after the Pfizer messenger ribonucleic acid coronavirus disease vaccine in adolescents","volume":"238","author":"Schauer","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2021.09.017","article-title":"STEMI mimic: focal myocarditis in an adolescent patient after mRNA COVID-19 vaccine","volume":"61","author":"Azir","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e210199","DOI":"10.1148\/ryct.2021210199","article-title":"Late gadolinium enhancement after COVID-19 vaccination","volume":"3","author":"Wilson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiol Cardiothorac Imaging"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinimag.2021.06.019","article-title":"Acute myocarditis after a second dose of the mRNA COVID-19 vaccine: a report of two cases","volume":"78","author":"Mansour","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Imaging"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","first-page":"e18880","article-title":"Acute myocarditis following the administration of the second BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine dose","volume":"13","author":"Miqdad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","first-page":"e17890","article-title":"A late presentation of COVID-19 vaccine-induced myocarditis","volume":"13","author":"Gautam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.07.044","article-title":"Myopericarditis after messenger RNA coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination in adolescents 12 to 18 years of age","volume":"238","author":"Das","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcab244","article-title":"Myocarditis after COVID-19 mRNA vaccines","volume":"114","author":"Koizumi","year":"2021","journal-title":"QJM"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","first-page":"100869","article-title":"Lymphohistocytic myocarditis after Ad26.COV2.S viral vector COVID-19 vaccination","volume":"36","author":"Ujueta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol Heart Vasc"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.7774\/cevr.2021.10.2.196","article-title":"Acute myocarditis associated with anti-COVID-19 vaccination","volume":"10","author":"Nevet","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Exp Vaccine Res"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.5152\/AnatolJCardiol.2021.99","article-title":"Acute myocarditis after the second dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine: serendipity or atypical causal relationship?","volume":"25","author":"Cereda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anatol J Cardiol"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4710","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.13613","article-title":"Acute myocarditis after COVID-19 vaccination with mRNA-1273 in a patient with former SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"8","author":"Nguyen","year":"2021","journal-title":"ESC Heart Fail"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.06.051","article-title":"Myocarditis after BNT162b2 vaccination in a healthy male","volume":"50","author":"Watkins","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e286","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2021.36.e286","article-title":"Myocarditis-induced sudden death after BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccination in Korea: case report focusing on histopathological findings","volume":"36","author":"Choi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.055891","article-title":"Myocarditis temporally associated with COVID-19 vaccination","volume":"144","author":"Rosner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.21.26853","article-title":"Cardiac MRI findings of myocarditis after COVID-19 mRNA vaccination in adolescents","author":"Chelala","year":"2022","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2109975","article-title":"Myocarditis after Covid-19 mRNA vaccination","volume":"385","author":"Verma","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.14307","article-title":"Myopericarditis in young adults presenting to the emergency department after receiving a second COVID-19 mRNA vaccine","volume":"28","author":"Fleming-Nouri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.33963\/KP.a2021.0095","article-title":"Acute myocarditis associated with the Pfizer\/BioNTech vaccine","volume":"79","author":"Shumkova","year":"2021","journal-title":"Kardiol Pol"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","first-page":"546","article-title":"Acute perimyocarditis following first dose of mRNA vaccine against COVID-19","volume":"118","author":"Vollmann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.repc.2021.07.005","article-title":"Acute myocarditis after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in a 24-year-old man","volume":"41","author":"Cimaglia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rev Port Cardiol"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radcr.2021.07.082","article-title":"Acute myocarditis following Comirnaty vaccination in a healthy man with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"16","author":"Patrignani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiol Case Rep"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idcr.2021.e01197","article-title":"Acute myocarditis following administration of BNT162b2 vaccine","volume":"25","author":"Habib","year":"2021","journal-title":"IDCases"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2021.10.003","article-title":"Acute myocarditis after COVID-19 vaccination: a case report","volume":"42","author":"Schmitt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev Med Interne"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759119","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.759119","article-title":"Case report: probable myocarditis after Covid-19 mRNA vaccine in a patient with arrhythmogenic left ventricular cardiomyopathy","volume":"8","author":"Alania-Torres","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e229","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2021.36.e229","article-title":"Cardiac imaging of acute myocarditis following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination","volume":"36","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","first-page":"002769","article-title":"Post-mRNA COVID-19 vaccination myocarditis","volume":"8","author":"Matta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Case Rep Intern Med"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","author":"Tiwari","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-806335\/v1"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3790","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2021.05.087","article-title":"Myocarditis following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination","volume":"39","author":"Abu Mouch","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ytab319","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjcr\/ytab319","article-title":"Case report: acute myocarditis following the second dose of mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine","volume":"5","author":"Tailor","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Case Rep"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1862","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2021.06.003","article-title":"A series of patients with myocarditis following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination with mRNA-1279 and BNT162b2","volume":"14","author":"Dickey","year":"2021","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.33963\/KP.a2021.0075","article-title":"Every rose has its thorns - acute myocarditis following COVID-19 vaccination","volume":"79","author":"Sokolska","year":"2021","journal-title":"Kardiol Pol"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102205;","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.102205","article-title":"COVID-19 vaccine-induced myocarditis: case report with literature review","volume":"15","author":"Nassar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2021.2833","article-title":"Myocarditis following immunization with mRNA COVID-19 vaccines in members of the US military","volume":"6","author":"Montgomery","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.06.035","article-title":"Recurrence of acute myocarditis temporally associated with receipt of the mRNA Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine in a male adolescent","volume":"238","author":"Minocha","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E409","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2021211430","article-title":"Myocarditis associated with mRNA COVID-19 vaccination","volume":"301","author":"Starekova","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2021.2828","article-title":"Patients with acute myocarditis following mRNA COVID-19 vaccination","volume":"6","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2132","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2110737","article-title":"Myocarditis after Covid-19 vaccination in a large health care organization","volume":"385","author":"Witberg","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.056038","article-title":"In-depth evaluation of a case of presumed myocarditis after the second dose of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine","volume":"144","author":"Muthukumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","first-page":"e202118","article-title":"Myocarditis and pericarditis in association with COVID-19 mRNA-vaccination: cases from a regional pharmacovigilance centre","volume":"2021","author":"Istampoulouoglou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Glob Cardiol Sci Pract"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.08.018","article-title":"Fulminant myocarditis and systemic hyperinflammation temporally associated with BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccination in two patients","volume":"340","author":"Abbate","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e013236","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.121.013236","article-title":"Myocarditis associated with COVID-19 vaccination: echocardiography, cardiac tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging findings","volume":"14","author":"Viskin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","first-page":"e15576","article-title":"Myocarditis and other cardiovascular complications of the mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines","volume":"13","author":"Vidula","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1850","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-021-01916-w","article-title":"Occurrence of acute infarct-like myocarditis following COVID-19 vaccination: just an accidental co-incidence or rather vaccination-associated autoimmune myocarditis?","volume":"110","author":"Chamling","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Res Cardiol"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radcr.2021.05.033","article-title":"Myocarditis following COVID-19 vaccination","volume":"16","author":"Albert","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiol Case Rep"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","first-page":"6806500","article-title":"Myocarditis in the setting of recent COVID-19 vaccination","volume":"2021","author":"Onderko","year":"2021","journal-title":"Case Rep Cardiol"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2021053427","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2021-053427","article-title":"COVID-19 vaccination-associated myocarditis in adolescents","volume":"148","author":"Jain","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1186\/s12968-021-00795-4","article-title":"Cardiovascular magnetic resonance findings in young adult patients with acute myocarditis following mRNA COVID-19 vaccination: a case series","volume":"23","author":"Patel","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Magn Reson"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1093\/jpids\/piab060","article-title":"Perimyocarditis in adolescents after Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine","volume":"10","author":"Tano","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21501327211029230","DOI":"10.1177\/21501327211029230","article-title":"Acute myocardial injury following COVID-19 vaccination: a case report and review of current evidence from vaccine adverse events reporting system database","volume":"12","author":"Deb","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Prim Care Community Health"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2021052478","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2021-052478","article-title":"Symptomatic acute myocarditis in 7 adolescents after Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccination","volume":"148","author":"Marshall","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","first-page":"8268755","article-title":"Acute myopericarditis after COVID-19 vaccine in teenagers","volume":"2021","author":"Ambati","year":"2021","journal-title":"Case Rep Cardiol"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","article-title":"Temporal association between the COVID-19 Ad26.COV2.S vaccine and acute myocarditis: a case report and literature review","author":"Sulemankhil","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Revasc Med"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1668","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2021.5511","article-title":"Acute myocarditis following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination in adults aged 18 years or older","volume":"181","author":"Simone","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1855","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-021-01936-6","article-title":"Biopsy-proven lymphocytic myocarditis following first mRNA COVID-19 vaccination in a 40-year-old male: case report","volume":"110","author":"Ehrlich","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Res Cardiol"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","first-page":"100872","article-title":"Myocarditis following COVID-19 vaccination","volume":"36","author":"Kaul","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol Heart Vasc"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e360","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000003235","article-title":"Transient cardiac injury in adolescents receiving the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine","volume":"40","author":"Snapiri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E378","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2021211766","article-title":"Myocarditis following COVID-19 vaccination","volume":"301","author":"Isaak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1017\/S1047951121002547","article-title":"Self-limited myocarditis presenting with chest pain and ST segment elevation in adolescents after vaccination with the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine","volume":"32","author":"Park","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cardiol Young"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.13443","article-title":"Myocarditis and pericarditis after vaccination for COVID-19","volume":"326","author":"Diaz","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","first-page":"002681","article-title":"COVID-19 mRNA vaccine and myocarditis","volume":"8","author":"Singh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Case Rep Intern Med"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.16141","article-title":"Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in a male adolescent after his second Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine","volume":"111","author":"Chai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.055913","article-title":"Myocarditis after BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 vaccination","volume":"144","author":"Larson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjco.2021.07.008","article-title":"Acute myocarditis following mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccination","volume":"3","author":"Williams","year":"2021","journal-title":"CJC Open"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.14322","article-title":"Myopericarditis in a previously healthy adolescent male following COVID-19 vaccination: a case report","volume":"28","author":"McLean","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","first-page":"100042","article-title":"Myocarditis following mRNA vaccination against SARS-CoV-2, a case series","volume":"8","author":"King","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am Heart J Plus"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","author":"Singh","journal-title":"Am J Ther"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e277","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2021.36.e277","article-title":"A case report for myopericarditis after BNT162b2 COVID-19 mRNA vaccination in a Korean young male","volume":"36","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.05.010","article-title":"Myocarditis after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination: a vaccine-induced reaction?","volume":"37","author":"D\u2019Angelo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","first-page":"23:e134","article-title":"Myopericarditis following SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine: the role of cardiac biomarkers and multimodality imaging","author":"Sivakumaran","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","author":"Pareek","year":"2021"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.14797\/mdcvj.847","article-title":"Myopericarditis in a young adult secondary to COVID-19 vaccination","volume":"17","author":"Walters","year":"2021","journal-title":"Methodist DeBakey Cardiovasc J"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-021-02183-3","article-title":"Perimyocarditis following first dose of the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 (Moderna) vaccine in a healthy young male: a case report","volume":"21","author":"Hasnie","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","first-page":"e16590","article-title":"Unusual presentation of acute perimyocarditis following SARS-COV-2 mRNA-1237 moderna vaccination","volume":"13","author":"Khogali","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","article-title":"Recurrent myocarditis after the first dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-1273 vaccine","author":"Di Tano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Clin Case Rep"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e87","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeab206","article-title":"Biventricular systolic dysfunction in acute myocarditis after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-1273 vaccination","volume":"23","author":"Maki","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","article-title":"Temporal relation between second dose BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 vaccine and cardiac involvement in a patient with previous SARS-COV-2 infection","author":"Ammirati","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol Heart Vasc"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","first-page":"235","article-title":"Cardiogenic shock due to acute myocarditis following AZD1222 vaccine administration: a case report","volume":"5","author":"Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Case Reports"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ytab371","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjcr\/ytab371","article-title":"Myopericarditis in a teenager following first mRNA COVID vaccine dose: the role of multi-parametric cardiovascular magnetic resonance","volume":"5","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Case Rep"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12498","DOI":"10.1002\/emp2.12498","article-title":"Myocarditis and pericarditis after vaccination for COVID-19","volume":"2","author":"Hudson","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Coll Emerg Physicians Open"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0000000000002557","article-title":"Myocarditis following mRNA COVID-19 vaccine","volume":"37","author":"Visclosky","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1446","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2021.3471","article-title":"Association of myocarditis with BNT162b2 messenger RNA COVID-19 vaccine in a case series of children","volume":"6","author":"Dionne","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.24110","article-title":"Myocarditis cases reported after mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccination in the US from December 2020 to August 2021","volume":"327","author":"Oster","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.056583","article-title":"Clinically suspected myocarditis temporally related to COVID-19 vaccination in adolescents and young adults: suspected myocarditis after COVID-19 vaccination","volume":"145","author":"Truong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9101186","article-title":"Shedding the light on post-vaccine myocarditis and pericarditis in COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 vaccine recipients","volume":"9","author":"Hajjo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vaccines (Basel)"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5126","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.68.8.5126-5132.1994","article-title":"Differential Th1 and Th2 cell responses in male and female BALB\/c mice infected with coxsackievirus group B type 3","volume":"68","author":"Huber","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.06.008","article-title":"Suppression of RNA recognition by Toll-like receptors: the impact of nucleoside modification and the evolutionary origin of RNA","volume":"23","author":"Karik\u00f3","year":"2005","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102524","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102524","article-title":"Could Sars-coronavirus-2 trigger autoimmune and\/or autoinflammatory mechanisms in genetically predisposed subjects?","volume":"19","author":"Caso","year":"2020","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-021-00662-w","article-title":"Myocarditis after COVID-19 mRNA vaccination: clinical observations and potential mechanisms","volume":"19","author":"Heymans","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1914","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.09.008","article-title":"The role of endomyocardial biopsy in the management of cardiovascular disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association, the American College of Cardiology, and the European Society of Cardiology. Endorsed by the Heart Failure Society of America and the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology","volume":"50","author":"Cooper","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2023021420593530600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e190010","DOI":"10.1148\/ryct.2019190010","article-title":"Comparison of original and 2018 Lake Louise criteria for diagnosis of acute myocarditis: results of a validation cohort","volume":"1","author":"Luetkens","year":"2019","journal-title":"Radiol Cardiothorac Imaging"}],"container-title":["QJM: An International Journal of Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/qjmed\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/qjmed\/hcac064\/42849856\/hcac064.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/qjmed\/article-pdf\/116\/1\/7\/49182113\/hcac064.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/qjmed\/article-pdf\/116\/1\/7\/49182113\/hcac064.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,18]],"date-time":"2023-11-18T06:24:41Z","timestamp":1700288681000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/qjmed\/article\/116\/1\/7\/6541647"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,3]]},"references-count":102,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/qjmed\/hcac064","relation":{},"ISSN":["1460-2725","1460-2393"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1460-2725","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-2393","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,3]]}}}