{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T20:15:37Z","timestamp":1775074537501,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017407","name":"Universidad Internacional de La Rioja","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["021\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["021\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Mutua Madrile\u00f1a 2020"},{"name":"Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias-Instituto de Salud Carlos III","award":["CM19\/00223"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CM19\/00223"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Underlying immunodeficiency is associated with severe COVID-19, but the prognosis of persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PWH) with COVID-19 is under debate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Aim: assessment of the mortality rate and major determinants of death in HIV-infected patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Spain before vaccine availability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Design: Retrospective nationwide public database analysis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Nationwide, retrospective, observational analysis of all hospitalizations with COVID-19 during year 2020 in Spain. Stratification was made according to HIV status. The National Registry of Hospital Discharges was used with the ICD-10 coding list.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 117\u00a0694 adults were hospitalized with COVID-19 during 2020. Only 234 (0.2%) were HIV-positives. More than 95% were on antiretroviral therapy. Compared to HIV-negatives, PWH were younger (mean age 53.2 vs. 66.5\u2009years old; P&amp;lt;0.001) and more frequently male (74.8% vs. 56.6%; P&amp;lt;0.001). Most co-morbidities predisposing to severe COVID-19 (diabetes, hypertension, dementia and cardiovascular disease) were more frequent in HIV-negatives. In contrast, the rate of baseline liver disease was over 6-fold higher in PWH (27.4% vs. 4.4%; P&amp;lt;0.001). In-hospital mortality was lower in PWH (9.4% vs. 16%; P=0.004). In multivariate analysis, older age, dementia and especially advanced liver disease (relative risk (RR): 7.6) were the major determinants of death in PWH hospitalized with COVID-19.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>HIV-infected patients hospitalized in Spain with COVID-19 during 2020 had better survival than HIV-negatives, most likely explained by younger age and lower rate of co-morbidities. However, advanced liver disease was a major predictor of death in PWH hospitalized with COVID-19.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcac215","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,30]],"date-time":"2022-08-30T21:29:29Z","timestamp":1661894969000},"page":"57-62","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Predictors of in-hospital mortality in HIV-infected patients with COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"116","author":[{"given":"V","family":"Moreno-Torres","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Calle Joaqu\u00edn Rodrigo 1, Majadahonda 28222 , Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"UNIR Health Sciences School and Medical Center, Calle Garc\u00eda Mart\u00edn 21, Pozuelo de Alarc\u00f3n 28224 , Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C","family":"de 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Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Calder\u00f3n-Parra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Calle Joaqu\u00edn Rodrigo 1, Majadahonda 28222 , Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I","family":"Pintos-Pascual","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Calle Joaqu\u00edn Rodrigo 1, Majadahonda 28222 , Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Corpas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UNIR Health Sciences School and Medical Center, Calle Garc\u00eda Mart\u00edn 21, Pozuelo de Alarc\u00f3n 28224 , Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Genetics Unit, Cambridge Precision Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road CB2 OAH , Cambridge, 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