{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T10:33:34Z","timestamp":1788258814226,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,24]],"date-time":"2024-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708732800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012665","name":"Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100025092","name":"Ontario Ministry of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100025092","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100025090","name":"Ministry of Long-Term Care","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100025090","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Ontario Ministry of Health Postal Code Conversion File"},{"name":"Canada Post Corporation and Statistics Canada"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"The SickKids Restracomp Scholarship"},{"name":"Canadian Graduate Scholarship\u2014Master\u2019s"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>During pregnancy, various maternal IgG antibodies are transferred to the developing fetus, some of which may protect the newborn against infection. If a mother and her fetus have different A, B or O (ABO) blood groups, then transferred maternal antibodies may plausibly protect the infant against infection.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To determine if maternal\u2013newborn ABO blood group incongruence vs. congruence is associated with a lower risk of serious infection in the infant.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Retrospective population-based cohort.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We used linked patient-level datasets for all singleton hospital livebirths from 2008 to 2022 in Ontario, Canada, with known maternal and newborn ABO blood groups. We used a dichotomous exposure state, either ABO blood group congruent (N\u2009=\u2009114\u2009507) or incongruent (N\u2009=\u200943\u2009074). The main outcome of interest was the risk of serious infant infection within 27\u2009days, and from 28 to 365\u2009days, after birth. Cox proportional hazard models generated hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals, and were adjusted for maternal age, world region of origin, residential income quintile and gestational age at birth.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Relative to maternal\u2013newborn congruency, incongruent ABO blood group was associated with an adjusted hazard ratio of 0.88 (95% CI: 0.80\u20130.97) for serious neonatal infection within 27\u2009days of birth, and 0.93 (95% CI: 0.90\u20130.96) for serious infection between 28 and 365\u2009days after birth.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Maternal\u2013newborn ABO incongruence may be associated with a lower relative risk of a serious infant infection within 27\u2009days, and from 28 to 365\u2009days, after birth.<\/jats:p>\n  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