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However, few studies have examined the association between maternal HPV infection and the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in their offspring.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We aimed to investigate the association between maternal HPV infection and risk of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) among their offspring.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database were used for analysis. Offspring of mothers with HPV infection were identified as the index group, and a demographic-matched group (offspring of mothers without HPV infection) was selected as the controls. The primary outcome was the risk of ADHD or ASD. Cox regression models with multiple adjustments were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We included 7762 individuals in the index group and 31\u00a0048 in the control group. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, the index group had a higher risk of ADHD (HR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.15\u20131.67) than the controls. Importantly, the risk remained significant when HPV infection was diagnosed either before (HR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.05\u20131.59) or during pregnancy (HR: 1.79, 95% CI: 1.28\u20132.51). No increased risk of ASD was identified in the index group compared to the control group.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study highlights the importance of preventing and treating HPV infection during and before pregnancy. Clinicians should be aware of the association between maternal HPV infection and ADHD in their offspring.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcae207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,24]],"date-time":"2024-10-24T18:47:27Z","timestamp":1729795647000},"page":"161-165","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Maternal human papillomavirus infection and offspring neurodevelopmental disorders"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"118","author":[{"given":"Dian-Jeng","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Addiction Science, Kaohsiung Municipal Kai-Syuan Psychiatric Hospital , Kaohsiung,","place":["Taiwan"]},{"name":"Department of Nursing, Meiho University , Pingtung,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9987-022X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shih-Jen","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital , Taipei,","place":["Taiwan"]},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University , Taipei,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ya-Mei","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital , Taipei,","place":["Taiwan"]},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University , Taipei,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tung-Ping","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans 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Hsinchu,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6516-1073","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mu-Hong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital , Taipei,","place":["Taiwan"]},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University , Taipei,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1138-5586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chih-Sung","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Beitou Branch, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical School , Taipei,","place":["Taiwan"]},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, National Defense Medical School , 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