{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T05:55:05Z","timestamp":1790834105566,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Herpes zoster (HZ) reactivation following COVID-19 suggests immune dysregulation, posing a risk for long-term neuro-ophthalmic sequelae.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study investigates the relationship between post-COVID HZ and the subsequent hazard of uveitis and optic neuritis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective analysis used the TriNetX Research Network, following patients for 3 years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed on COVID-19 survivors, comparing the HZ-exposed group (n\u2009=\u200911 172) against a matched HZ-unexposed control group (n\u2009=\u200911 173). Cox proportional hazards models calculated the 3-year Hazard Ratios (HRs) for incident uveitis and optic neuritis<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Post-COVID\u2212HZ reactivation was associated with a significantly elevated and persistent risk of both outcomes. HZ was consistently related to a 3.06-fold increase in the hazard of uveitis (HR\u2009=\u20093.06; 95% CI, 2.56\u20133.65; P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001) and a 2.10-fold increase in the hazard of optic neuritis (HR\u2009=\u20092.10; 95% CI, 1.62\u20132.71; P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001). The relationships remained significant across sensitivity analyses, and the risk remained high even in the vaccinated subgroup.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>HZ reactivation after COVID-19 is related to a higher instantaneous risk of subsequent uveitis and optic neuritis, even among immunocompetent individuals. HZ may serve as a clinical marker for neuro-immune injury, supporting the consideration of targeted ophthalmic surveillance and timely antiviral intervention to prevent vision loss.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcaf332","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T12:29:02Z","timestamp":1767356942000},"page":"481-490","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Increased risk of uveitis and optic neuritis after herpes zoster reactivation in COVID-19: a TriNetX database study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"119","author":[{"given":"Yi-Hsin","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University , New Taipei City,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Man-Sze","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Education, National Taiwan University Hospital , Taipei,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shan-Shy","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Applied Sciences and Engineering, College of Sciences and Engineering, Fu Jen Catholic University , New Taipei City,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ai-Ling","family":"Hour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Science, College of Sciences and Engineering, Fu Jen Catholic University , New Taipei City,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chien-Lin","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University , New Taipei City,","place":["Taiwan"]},{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen 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