{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T21:05:56Z","timestamp":1790197556760,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768694400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) has shown a strong association with systemic cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular mortality, but some studies have also reported an increase in non-cardiovascular mortality in these patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A prospective case\u2013control study was conducted between 2009 and 2019 at Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla University Hospital, involving 333 patients with a first episode of retinal vein occlusion (RVO) and 333 age- and sex-matched controls. Patients were referred to internal medicine after diagnosis based on clinical and angiographic criteria. Clinical data were collected using a standardized questionnaire, including cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, smoking, alcohol use and BMI. Median follow-up was 11\u2009years. Overall, cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular mortality were recorded in both groups. Cox regression identified variables linked to overall, cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular mortality. All analyses were adjusted by individual's age (at the mean point of the follow-up).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 666 participants (mean age 67.6\u2009years, 52% men) were included (333 in the RVO group and 333 controls). At \u22655\u2009years, mortality was 25% in the RVO group and 24% in controls, with no significant differences in age or sex of deceased individuals. RVO patients had significantly higher prevalence of hypertension (73%), dyslipidemia (66%) and diabetes (25%) compared to controls. No significant differences were found in smoking, alcohol use, or BMI. Most RVO cases (67%) involved the temporal branch; 31.5% were central RVO. RVO was associated with increased overall mortality (HR 1.98, P\u2009=\u20090.002) and non-cardiovascular mortality (HR 2.48, P\u2009=\u20090.007), but not cardiovascular mortality (HR 1.86, P\u2009=\u20090.11). No mortality differences were found between branch and central RVO types.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In our cohort the patients with RVO show increased mortality from non-cardiovascular causes, suggesting it may indicate broader systemic disease. This highlights the need for comprehensive medical evaluation and management beyond just cardiovascular risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcag020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T12:39:14Z","timestamp":1768394354000},"page":"597-601","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Increased non-cardiovascular mortality in patients with retinal vein occlusion"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"119","author":[{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Universidad de Cantabria , Santander, Cantabria,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zaida","family":"Salm\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Universidad 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