{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T02:30:22Z","timestamp":1793845822530,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Hypercobalaminemia (high serum vitamin B12 levels) is a frequent and underestimated anomaly. Clinically, it can be paradoxically accompanied by signs of deficiency, reflecting a functional deficiency linked to qualitative abnormalities, which are related to defects in tissue uptake and action of vitamin B12. The aetiological profile of high serum cobalamin predominantly encompasses severe disease entities for which early diagnosis is critical for prognosis. These entities are essentially comprised of solid neoplasms, haematological malignancies and liver and kidney diseases. This review reflects the potential importance of the vitamin B12 assay as an early diagnostic marker of these diseases. A codified approach is needed to determine the potential indications of a search for high serum cobalamin and the practical clinical strategy to adopt upon discovery of elevated cobalamin levels. While low serum cobalamin levels do not necessarily imply deficiency, an abnormally high serum cobalamin level forms a warning sign requiring exclusion of a number of serious underlying pathologies. Functional cobalamin deficiency can thus occur at any serum level.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hct051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,28]],"date-time":"2013-02-28T22:29:14Z","timestamp":1362090554000},"page":"505-515","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":198,"title":["The pathophysiology of elevated vitamin B12 in clinical practice"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"E.","family":"Andr\u00e8s","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1 From the 1Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 1 Place de l'H\u00f4pital, 67091 Strasbourg cedex, France and 2Laboratory for Molecular Oncology, Department of Human Genetics, Herestraat 49 - Box 602, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Serraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 From the 1Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 1 Place de l'H\u00f4pital, 67091 Strasbourg cedex, France and 2Laboratory for Molecular Oncology, Department of Human Genetics, Herestraat 49 - Box 602, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 From the 1Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 1 Place de l'H\u00f4pital, 67091 Strasbourg cedex, France and 2Laboratory for Molecular Oncology, Department of Human Genetics, Herestraat 49 - Box 602, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.J.M.","family":"Vermorken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 From the 1Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 1 Place de l'H\u00f4pital, 67091 Strasbourg cedex, France and 2Laboratory for Molecular Oncology, Department of Human Genetics, Herestraat 49 - Box 602, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2007.07.007","article-title":"Implications cliniques de la d\u00e9couverte d\u2019une hypervitamin\u00e9mie B12 en m\u00e9decine interne","volume":"29","author":"Chiche","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rev Med Interne"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e45979","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0045979","article-title":"Cobalamin related parameters and disease patterns in patients with increased serum cobalamin levels","volume":"9","author":"Arendt","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2009.03.125","article-title":"Concentration plasmatique \u00e9lev\u00e9e de la vitamine B12: un indicateur des maladies h\u00e9patiques ou tumorales?","volume":"30","author":"Deneuville","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev Med Interne"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2257.2001.00134.x","article-title":"High serum cobalamin levels in the clinical setting\u2014clinical associations and holo-transcobalamin changes","volume":"23","author":"Carmel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Lab Haematol"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2009.10.142","article-title":"Hypervitamin\u00e9mies B12 en m\u00e9decine interne: r\u00e9sultats de l\u2019\u00e9tude BDOSE","volume":"30","author":"Chiche","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev Med Interne"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1920.53.2.236","article-title":"Blood regeneration following anemia. IV. Influence of meat, liver, and various extractives, alone or combined with standard diets","volume":"53","author":"Whipple","year":"1920","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1926.02680070016005","article-title":"Treatment of pernicious anemia by special diet","volume":"87","author":"Minot","year":"1926","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-192805000-00001","article-title":"Response of reticulocytes to liver therapy: particularly in pernicious anemia","volume":"175","author":"Minot","year":"1928","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-192912000-00002","article-title":"Observations on etiologic relationship of achylia gastrica to pernicious anemia. I. Effect of administration to patients with pernicious anemia of contents of normal human stomach recovered after ingestion of beef muscle","volume":"178","author":"Castle","year":"1929","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-192912000-00003","article-title":"Observations on etiologic relationship of achylia gastrica to pernicious anemia. II. Effect of administration to patients with pernicious anemia of beef muscle after incubation with normal human gastric juice","volume":"178","author":"Castle","year":"1929","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-193009000-00001","article-title":"Observations on etiologic relationship of achylia gastrica to pernicious anemia. III. Nature of reaction between normal human gastric juice and beef muscle leading to clinical improvement and increased blood formation similar to effect of liver feeding","volume":"180","author":"Castle","year":"1930","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-193711000-00004","article-title":"Observations on etiologic relationship of achylia gastrica to pernicious anemia.VI. Site of interaction of food (extrinsic) and gastric (intrinsic) factors: failure of in vitro incubation to produce thermostable hematopoietic principle","volume":"294","author":"Castle","year":"1937","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1038\/161638a0","article-title":"Purification of anti-pernicious anemia factors from liver","volume":"161","author":"Smith","year":"1948","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1126\/science.107.2781.396","article-title":"Crystalline vitamin B12","volume":"107","author":"Rickes","year":"1948","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B15","first-page":"1","article-title":"Studies on the vitamin B12-binding principle and other biocolloids of human gastric juice","volume":"314","author":"G\u00e4rsbeck","year":"1956","journal-title":"Acta Med Scand"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1159\/000200176","article-title":"Fractionation of human gastric juice and saliva employing starch electrophoresis","volume":"84","author":"G\u00e4rsbeck","year":"1955","journal-title":"Gastroenterologia"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1746.1999.01863.x","article-title":"Discovery of vitamin B12 in the liver and its absorption factor in the stomach: a historical review","volume":"14","author":"Okuda","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1963.43.4.529","article-title":"Gastric intrinsic factor and its function in the metabolism of vitamin B12","volume":"43","author":"Glass","year":"1963","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1038\/9504","article-title":"The intrinsic factor-vitamin B12 receptor, cubilin, is a high-affinity apolipoprotein A-I receptor facilitating endocytosis of high-density lipoprotein","volume":"5","author":"Kozyraki","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1098","article-title":"Amnionless, essential for mouse gastrulation, is mutated in recessive hereditary megaloblastic anemia","volume":"33","author":"Tanner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-08-2852","article-title":"The functional cobalamin (vitamin B12)-intrinsic factor receptor is a novel complex of cubilin and amnionless","volume":"103","author":"Fyfe","year":"2004","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1172-1-17","article-title":"Imerslund-Gr\u00e4sbeck syndrome (selective vitamin B(12) malabsorption with proteinuria)","volume":"1","author":"Gr\u00e4sbeck","year":"2006","journal-title":"Orphanet J Rare Dis"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1517\/14656560903456053","article-title":"Efficacy of oral cobalamin (vitamin B12) therapy","volume":"11","author":"Andr\u00e8s","year":"2010","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.curtheres.2005.02.001","article-title":"Oral cobalamin (daily dose of 1000 \u03bcg) therapy for the treatment of patients with pernicious anemia. An open label study of 10 patients","volume":"66","author":"Andr\u00e8s","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Ther Res"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2257.2006.00783.x","article-title":"Oral pharmacologic doses of cobalamin may not be as effective as parenteral cobalamin therapy in reversing hyperhomocystinemia and methylmalonic acidemia in apparently normal subjects","volume":"28","author":"Solomon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Lab Haematol"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/45.4.671","article-title":"Recommended dietary intakes (RDI) of vitamin B-12 in humans","volume":"45","author":"Herbert","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/18.7.1329","article-title":"Folate, vitamin B12, homocysteine status and chromosome damage rate in lymphocytes of older men","volume":"18","author":"Fenech","year":"1997","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/19.7.1163","article-title":"Folate, vitamin B12, homocysteine status and DNA damage in young Australian adults","volume":"19","author":"Fenech","year":"1998","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2005.01.018","article-title":"Uracil misincorporation into DNA of leukocytes of young women with positive folate balance depends on plasma vitamin B12 concentrations and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphisms. A pilot study","volume":"16","author":"Kapiszewska","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Nutr Biochem"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2006.05.001","article-title":"Disorders of cobalamin (vitamin B12) metabolism: emerging concepts in pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment","volume":"21","author":"Solomon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood Rev"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2007.02.013","article-title":"Clinical aspects of cobalamin deficiency in elderly patients. Epidemiology, causes, clinical manifestations, and treatment with special focus on oral cobalamin therapy","volume":"18","author":"Andr\u00e8s","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2005.04.036","article-title":"Carences en vitamine B12 chez l\u2019adulte: \u00e9tiologies, manifestations cliniques et traitement","volume":"26","author":"Andr\u00e8s","year":"2005","journal-title":"Rev Med Interne"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B33","first-page":"13","article-title":"Signes et sympt\u00f4mes de la carence en vitamine B12: revue critique de la litt\u00e9rature","volume":"16","author":"Serraj","year":"2010","journal-title":"M\u00e9d Th\u00e9r"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B34","first-page":"251","article-title":"Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) deficiency in elderly patients","volume":"171","author":"Andr\u00e8s","year":"2004","journal-title":"CAMJ"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B35","first-page":"20","article-title":"Vitamin requirements in old age","volume":"3","author":"Russel","year":"1992","journal-title":"Age Nutr"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2006.10.319","article-title":"Manifestations h\u00e9matologiques de la carence en vitamine B12: donn\u00e9es personnelles et revue de la litt\u00e9rature","volume":"28","author":"Federici","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rev Med Interne"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2003.08.004","article-title":"Significance of elevated cobalamin (vitamin B12) levels in blood","volume":"36","author":"Ermens","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4827(89)90343-1","article-title":"Uptake of transcobalamin II-bound cobalamin by HL-60 cells: effects of differentiation induction","volume":"184","author":"Lindemans","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Exp Cell Res"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B39","first-page":"332","article-title":"Depletion of serum holotranscobalamin II. An early sign of negative vitamin B12 balance","volume":"58","author":"Herzlich","year":"1988","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/78.1.131","article-title":"Vitamin B-12 status, particularly holotranscobalamin II and methylmalonic acid concentrations, and hyperhomocysteinemia in vegetarians","volume":"78","author":"Herrmann","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9120(84)90279-0","article-title":"Biochemistry and clinical chemistry of vitamin B12 transport and the related diseases","volume":"17","author":"Grasbeck","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Clin Biochem"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B42","first-page":"253","article-title":"Cobalamin binding glycoproteins","volume-title":"Advances in Thomas Addison's Diseases","author":"Nicolas","year":"1994"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B43","first-page":"233","article-title":"Intrinsic factor and the other vitamin B12 transport proteins","volume":"6","author":"Gr\u00e4sbeck","year":"1969","journal-title":"Prog Hematol"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7700","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)40872-7","article-title":"Human plasma R-type vitamin B12-binding proteins. I. Isolation and characterization of transcobalamin I, transcobalamin III and the normal granulocyte vitamin B12-binding protein","volume":"250","author":"Burger","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B45","first-page":"119","article-title":"Cobalamins: an update of fundamental and clinical data","volume":"2","author":"Zittoun","year":"1996","journal-title":"H\u00e9matologie"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-4781(93)90264-E","article-title":"Isolation and sequence analysis of variant forms of human transcobalamin II","volume":"1172","author":"Li","year":"1993","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B47","first-page":"139","article-title":"Etiology of vitamin B12 (cobalamin) deficiency and staging of B12 status","volume-title":"Advances in Thomas Addison's Diseases","author":"Herbert","year":"1994"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2007.08.004","article-title":"Comparison of automated assays for the determination of vitamin B12 in serum","volume":"40","author":"Vogeser","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B49","first-page":"23","article-title":"Measurement of vitamin B12 concentration: a review of available methods","volume":"2","author":"Karmi","year":"2011","journal-title":"IIOAB J"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.med.51.1.357","article-title":"Current concepts in cobalamin deficiency","volume":"51","author":"Carmel","year":"2000","journal-title":"Annu Rev Med"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-04-1641","article-title":"Cobalamin-responsive disorders in the ambulatory care setting: unreliability of cobalamin, methylmalonic acid, and homocysteine testing","volume":"105","author":"Solomon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc066569","article-title":"Folate deficiency and plasma homocysteine during increased oxidative stress","volume":"357","author":"Rogers","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-0009","article-title":"Diabetes as a cause of clinically significant functional cobalamin deficiency","volume":"34","author":"Solomon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B54","first-page":"1570","article-title":"More on failures of cobalamin assays in pernicious anemia","volume":"367","author":"Solomon","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ando.2009.07.001","article-title":"Mise au point sur la vitamine B12 administr\u00e9e par voie orale","volume":"70","author":"Andr\u00e8s","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Endocrinol"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2006.05.001","article-title":"Disorders of cobalamin (vitamin B12) metabolism: emerging concepts in pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment","volume":"21","author":"Solomon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood Rev"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B57","first-page":"108","article-title":"Total corrinoid, cobalamin and cobalamin analogue levels may be normal in serum despite cobalamin in liver depletion in patients with alcoholism","volume":"53","author":"Kanazawa","year":"1985","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.1998.10718752","article-title":"Cobalamin and holotranscobalamin changes in plasma and liver tissue in alcoholics with liver disease","volume":"17","author":"Baker","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Am Coll Nutr"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/38.4.493","article-title":"Methylmalonic acid concentration in serum not affected in hepatic disease","volume":"38","author":"Hagelskjaer","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1159\/000201425","article-title":"Alcoholic cirrhosis and cobalamin metabolism","volume":"58","author":"Lambert","year":"1997","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197709)40:3<1348::AID-CNCR2820400352>3.0.CO;2-Q","article-title":"Serum vitamin B12 and transcobalamin abnormalities in patients with cancer","volume":"40","author":"Carmel","year":"1977","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clml.2012.01.008","article-title":"Does an elevated serum vitamin B12 level mask actual vitamin B12 deficiency in myeloproliferative disorders?","volume":"12","author":"Gauchan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Lymph Myel Leukemia"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V49.6.987.987","article-title":"Circulating antibody to transcobalamin II causing retention of vitamin B12 in the blood","volume":"49","author":"Carmel","year":"1977","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2107","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2006.073882","article-title":"Markedly increased vitamin B12 concentrations attributable to IgG-IgM-vitamin B12 immune complexes","volume":"52","author":"Bowen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0609.1968.tb01715.x","article-title":"A new vitamin B12 binding protein in serum causing excessively high serum vitamin B12 values","volume":"5","author":"Schwartz","year":"1968","journal-title":"Scand J Haematol"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B66","first-page":"17","article-title":"Int\u00e9r\u00eat en h\u00e9matologie du dosage des cobalamines","volume":"32","author":"Rain","year":"1992","journal-title":"Immunoanal Biol Spec"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.09.017","article-title":"Le syndrome de Non-Dissociation de la Vitamine B12 de ses Prot\u00e9ines Porteuses ou de Mal Digestion des cobalamines alimentaires","volume":"38","author":"Serraj","year":"2009","journal-title":"Presse Med"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197502062920603","article-title":"Extreme elevation of serum transcobalamin I in patients with metastatic cancer","volume":"292","author":"Carmel","year":"1975","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1159\/000217736","article-title":"Blood transcobalamin levels in malignant hepatoma","volume":"12","author":"Fremont","year":"1991","journal-title":"Tumor Biol"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0609.1978.tb00359.x","article-title":"Increased concentration of transcobalamin I in a patient with metastatic carcinoma of the breast","volume":"21","author":"Gimsing","year":"1978","journal-title":"Scand J Haematol"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.19.12.1105","article-title":"Vitamin B12 binding protein as a tumour marker for hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"19","author":"Kane","year":"1978","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1002\/mpo.2950140408","article-title":"Transcobalamin I as a marker for fibrolamellar hepatoma","volume":"14","author":"Wheeler","year":"1986","journal-title":"Med Ped Oncol"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53278_7.x","article-title":"High vitamin B12 level: a strong predictor of mortality in elderly inpatients","volume":"53","author":"Salles","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B74","first-page":"459","article-title":"Cobalamin metabolism in chronic myelogenous leukemia","volume":"45","author":"Gimsing","year":"1998","journal-title":"Dan Med Bull"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B75","first-page":"277","article-title":"Additional predictive value of serum unsaturated vitamin B12 proteins in multiple myeloma","volume":"21","author":"Arnalich","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Med"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B76","first-page":"249","article-title":"Low cobalamin levels in multiple myeloma: a retrospective study","volume":"61","author":"Vlasveld","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neth J Med"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1995.tb08419.x","article-title":"The cobalamin forms and analogues in plasma and myeloid cells during the course of chronic myelogenous leukemia related to the clinical condition","volume":"89","author":"Gimsing","year":"1995","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0609.1977.tb01501.x","article-title":"The transcobalamins in polycythemia vera","volume":"19","author":"Rachmilewitz","year":"1977","journal-title":"Scand J Haematol"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V63.4.779.779","article-title":"Cobalamin vitamin B12 (vitamin B12) and B12 binding proteins in hypereosinophilic syndromes and secondary eosinophilia","volume":"63","author":"Zittoun","year":"1984","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1972.tb08789.x","article-title":"Acute promyelocytic leukemia. A report of five cases with a comment on the diagnostic significance of serum vitamin B12 determination","volume":"22","author":"Rachmilewitz","year":"1972","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/38.4.493","article-title":"Methylmalonic acid concentration in serum not affected in hepatic disease","volume":"38","author":"Hagelskjaer","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2009.11.012","article-title":"Functional vitamin B12 deficiency in alcoholics: an intriguing finding in a retrospective study of megaloblastic anemic patients","volume":"21","author":"Fragasso","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B83","first-page":"10","article-title":"Parenteral vitamin B12 therapy of hyperhomocysteinemia in end-stage renal disease","volume":"27","author":"Hofer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Med Clin Exp"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V49.6.987.987","article-title":"Circulating antibody to transcobalamin II causing retention of vitamin B12 in the blood","volume":"49","author":"Carmel","year":"1977","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1993.00540070055015","article-title":"Subacute combined degeneration with high serum vitamin B12 level and abnormal vitamin B12 binding protein","volume":"50","author":"Reynolds","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(90)90463-N","article-title":"Serum transcobalamin and transcobalamin levels in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"88","author":"Molad","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B87","first-page":"211","article-title":"Rheumatoid arthritis: is serum vitamin B12 high in active disease?","volume":"11","author":"Grindulis","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2009.09.010","article-title":"Increased serum vitamin B12 levels are associated with adult-onset Still's disease with reactive macrophage activation syndrome","volume":"77","author":"Kalyoncu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V63.4.779.779","article-title":"Cobalamin and B12 binding proteins in hypereosinophilic syndromes and hypereosinophilia","volume":"63","author":"Zittoun","year":"1984","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2022071316420613400_hct051-B90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2011.08.010","article-title":"L\u2019hypervitamin\u00e9mie B12: physiopathologie et int\u00e9r\u00eat en pratique clinique","volume":"40","author":"Serraj","year":"2011","journal-title":"Press Med"}],"container-title":["QJM: An International Journal of Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/qjmed\/article-pdf\/106\/6\/505\/44856146\/qjmedj_106_6_505.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/qjmed\/article-pdf\/106\/6\/505\/44856146\/qjmedj_106_6_505.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,13]],"date-time":"2022-07-13T16:46:19Z","timestamp":1657730779000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/qjmed\/article\/106\/6\/505\/1538806"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,27]]},"references-count":90,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/qjmed\/hct051","relation":{},"ISSN":["1460-2393","1460-2725"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1460-2393","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1460-2725","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,13]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,27]]}}}