{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T13:14:36Z","timestamp":1791983676606,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,11]],"date-time":"2022-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652227200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":130,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>PMR is a common inflammatory condition in older adults, characterized by bilateral hip and shoulder pain and stiffness. Reducing oral glucocorticoids, classically used for \u22642\u2009years, are the mainstay of treatment. This study considers the factors early in the disease course that might be associated with prolonged treatment.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Six hundred and fifty-two people with incident PMR were recruited from English general practices (2012\u20132014). Participants completed seven questionnaires over 2\u2009years (used to allocate people to pain\u2013stiffness trajectories) and a further long-term follow-up (LTFU) questionnaire a median of 5.16\u2009years after diagnosis. Characteristics of those still taking and having ceased glucocorticoids were described and compared using Kruskal\u2013Wallis and \u03c72 and Student\u2019s 2-sample t-tests as appropriate.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Of the 197 people completing the LTFUQ questionnaire, 179 people reported ever having taken glucocorticoids. Of these, 40.1% were still on treatment, with a median (quartile 1, quartile 3) daily dose of 5 (1.5, 9) \u2009mg. People still taking glucocorticoids were more likely to be older (72.5 vs 70.2\u2009years, P\u2009=\u20090.035), live alone (31.8 vs 15.0%, P\u2009=\u20090.01) and have self-managed their glucocorticoid dose (39.1 vs 11.0%, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.0001). They were also more likely to belong to a pain\u2013stiffness trajectory class with sustained symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>PMR is not always a time-limited condition. Few patient characteristics are associated with prolonged treatment early in the disease course, but those who are older and who have sustained symptoms might be at greater risk. Although accurate prediction is not yet possible, clinicians should monitor people with PMR carefully to manage symptoms and reduce the cumulative glucocorticoid dose.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/rap\/rkac034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,11]],"date-time":"2022-05-11T19:31:54Z","timestamp":1652297514000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Long-term use of glucocorticoids for polymyalgia rheumatica: follow-up of the PMR Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6645-5751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Muller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Care Centre, Versus Arthritis, School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9958-3909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samantha L","family":"Hider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Care Centre, Versus Arthritis, School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele"},{"name":"Haywood Academic Rheumatology Centre, Midlands Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Stoke-on-Trent"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2315-0744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Balamrit","family":"Singh Sokhal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah A","family":"Lawton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keele Clinical Trials Unit, School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toby","family":"Helliwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Care Centre, Versus Arthritis, School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele"},{"name":"Midlands Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Stoke-on-Trent, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2677-1028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian D","family":"Mallen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Care Centre, Versus Arthritis, School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele"},{"name":"Haywood Academic Rheumatology Centre, Midlands Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Stoke-on-Trent"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022051716034659100_rkac034-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2014.12.013","article-title":"\u201cI suddenly felt I\u2019d aged\u201d: a qualitative study of patient experiences of polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR)","volume":"98","author":"Twohig","year":"2015","journal-title":"Patient Educ 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