{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T19:09:18Z","timestamp":1776280158242,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]],"date-time":"2023-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698105600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Jaw symptoms can be a vital clue to the diagnosis of GCA. Guidelines recommend more intensive treatment if jaw claudication is present. We sought to explore how patients with GCA described their jaw symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We carried out a secondary, qualitative analysis of interview data from 36 participants from the UK (n\u2009=\u200925) and Australia (n\u2009=\u200911), originally collected in order to develop a patient-reported outcome measure for GCA. In all cases, GCA had been confirmed by biopsy\/imaging. Interview transcripts were organized within QSR NVivo 12 software and analysed using template analysis. Themes were refined through discussion among the research team, including a patient partner.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Twenty of 36 participants reported jaw symptoms associated with GCA. The median age of these 20 participants was 76.5\u2009years; 60% were female. Five themes were identified: physical sensations; impact on function; impact on diet; symptom response with CSs; and attribution to other causes. Physical sensations included ache, cramp, stiffness and \u2018lockjaw\u2019. Functional impacts included difficulty in eating\/chewing, cleaning teeth, speaking or opening the mouth. Dietary impacts included switching to softer food. Response to CSs was not always immediate. Jaw symptoms were initially mis-attributed by some participants to arthritis, age or viral illnesses; or by health-care professionals to a dental cavity, ear infection or teeth-grinding.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Jaw symptoms in GCA are diverse and can lead to diagnostic confusion with primary temporomandibular joint disorder, potentially contributing to delay in GCA diagnosis. Further research is needed to determine the relationship of jaw stiffness to jaw claudication.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/rap\/rkad082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]],"date-time":"2023-10-24T19:52:18Z","timestamp":1698177138000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Jaw claudication and jaw stiffness in giant cell arteritis: secondary analysis of a qualitative research dataset"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Joyce","family":"Lim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust , Leeds, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Dures","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Social Wellbeing, University of the West of England , Bristol, UK"},{"name":"Academic Rheumatology, Bristol Royal infirmary , Bristol, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lawrence F","family":"Bailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Patient and Public Involvement Group, Leeds Biomedical Research Centre , Leeds, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Celia","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Social Wellbeing, University of the West of England , Bristol, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlee","family":"Ruediger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia, Australia; and the University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherine L","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia, Australia; and the University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7939-5978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna C","family":"Robson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Social Wellbeing, University of the West of England , Bristol, UK"},{"name":"Academic Rheumatology, Bristol Royal infirmary , Bristol, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2483-5873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah L","family":"Mackie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust , Leeds, UK"},{"name":"Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds , Leeds, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023122701312827900_rkad082-B1","first-page":"22","article-title":"Symposium: head and face pain; medicine","volume":"49","author":"Horton","year":"1944","journal-title":"Tr Am Acad Ophth"},{"key":"2023122701312827900_rkad082-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780330810","article-title":"The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of giant cell arteritis","volume":"33","author":"Hunder","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2023122701312827900_rkad082-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2020.3050","article-title":"Physical signs, and laboratory tests for giant cell arteritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"180","author":"Van Der Geest","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"2023122701312827900_rkad082-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2953","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keaa058","article-title":"Risk factors for severe cranial ischaemic complications in giant cell arteritis","volume":"59","author":"Ho\u010devar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford, England)"},{"key":"2023122701312827900_rkad082-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2019-215672","article-title":"2018 Update of the EULAR recommendations for the management of large vessel vasculitis","volume":"79","author":"Hellmich","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2023122701312827900_rkad082-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41774","article-title":"2021 American College of Rheumatology\/Vasculitis Foundation guideline for the management of giant cell arteritis and Takayasu arteritis","volume":"73","author":"Maz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"2023122701312827900_rkad082-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.1962.hed0201029.x","article-title":"Headache and intermittent claudication of the jaw in temporal arteritis","volume":"2","author":"Horton","year":"1962","journal-title":"Headache J. Head Face Pain"},{"key":"2023122701312827900_rkad082-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4671","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keab076","article-title":"Patient perceptions of health-related quality of life in giant cell arteritis: international development of a disease-specific patient-reported outcome measure","volume":"60","author":"Robson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford, England)"},{"key":"2023122701312827900_rkad082-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-010-1690-0","article-title":"Reduction in jaw opening: a neglected symptom of giant cell arteritis","volume":"31","author":"Kraemer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"2023122701312827900_rkad082-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.61.9.832","article-title":"Reduction of jaw opening (trismus) in giant cell arteritis","volume":"61","author":"Nir-Paz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2023122701312827900_rkad082-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e318191d04d","article-title":"Examination of the heads of the lateral pterygoid muscle on the temporomandibular joint","volume":"20","author":"Coskun Akar","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"2023122701312827900_rkad082-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1038\/s41415-022-5082-0","article-title":"Temporomandibular joint anatomy, function and clinical relevance","volume":"233","author":"Wilkie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br Dent J"},{"key":"2023122701312827900_rkad082-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1007\/s10488-013-0528-y","article-title":"Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and analysis in mixed method implementation research","volume":"42","author":"Palinkas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adm Policy Ment Heal Ment Heal Serv Res"}],"container-title":["Rheumatology Advances in Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/rheumap\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/rap\/rkad082\/52458994\/rkad082.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/rheumap\/article-pdf\/8\/1\/rkad082\/54879319\/rkad082.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/rheumap\/article-pdf\/8\/1\/rkad082\/54879319\/rkad082.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,27]],"date-time":"2023-12-27T01:31:42Z","timestamp":1703640702000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/rheumap\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/rap\/rkad082\/7329099"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/rap\/rkad082","relation":{},"ISSN":["2514-1775"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2514-1775","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]]},"article-number":"rkad082"}}