{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T05:07:04Z","timestamp":1788671224458,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]],"date-time":"2025-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739318400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":56,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority through a PhD"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To compare the risk of serious infection across time cohorts in patients with inflammatory arthritis (IA) initiating their first biologic\/targeted synthetic DMARD (b\/tsDMARD), to that of the general population. Secondarily, to compare the development in infection risk during treatment across diagnoses and examine risk dynamics during the course of b\/tsDMARD treatment.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Patients with IA starting their first b\/tsDMARD were included from the prospective NOR-DMARD study. Controls were randomly drawn from the general population. Cox regressions were used to compare the 12-month risk of serious infections across three time cohorts following initiation (2009\u20132011, 2012\u20132014, 2015\u20132018) and risk during the course of treatment at 6-month intervals up to 24\u2009months.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 4309 patients (RA, 1581; PsA, 1032; SpA, 1696) and 86\u200a640 controls were included. From 2009 through 2018, 51 serious infections occurred during the first year of b\/tsDMARD treatment in RA patients [hazard ratio (HR) 2.42 (95% CI 1.83, 3.21)] compared with controls and 52 serious infections were observed in patients with PsA\/SpA [HR 1.91 (95% CI 1.44, 2.52)]. There were no significant differences in 12-month risk of serious infections during b\/tsDMARD exposure between time cohorts. PsA\/SpA patients had a consistently lower risk of serious infection compared with RA patients. The risk of serious infections did not change during the treatment course.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Patients with IA starting their first b\/tsDMARD between 2009 and 2018 had a consistently higher 12-month risk of serious infection compared with controls. No change in the risk of serious infection across time cohorts of b\/tsDMARD initiation was observed, nor during the treatment course.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/rap\/rkaf017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]],"date-time":"2025-02-12T16:06:31Z","timestamp":1739376391000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Longitudinal risk of serious infections in patients with inflammatory arthritis on immunomodulating therapy compared to controls"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8429-8152","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ingrid Egeland","family":"Christensen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital , Oslo,","place":["Norway"]},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo,","place":["Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siri","family":"Lillegraven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital , Oslo,","place":["Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Sexton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital , Oslo,","place":["Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tore K","family":"Kvien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital , Oslo,","place":["Norway"]},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo,","place":["Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6881-9552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Till","family":"Uhlig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital , Oslo,","place":["Norway"]},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo,","place":["Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5442-902X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sella Aarrestad","family":"Provan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital , Oslo,","place":["Norway"]},{"name":"Public Health Section, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences , 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