{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T00:12:00Z","timestamp":1792023120061,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,18]],"date-time":"2025-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744934400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":107,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To comprehensively compare the disease burden among patients with RA, PsA and AS using Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) scores and to identify distinct patient clusters based on comorbidity profiles and PROMIS outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Data from the global COVID-19 Vaccination in Autoimmune Diseases (COVAD) 2 e-survey were analysed. Patients with RA, PsA or AS undergoing treatment with DMARDs were included. PROMIS scores (global physical health, global mental health, fatigue 4a and physical function short form 10a), comorbidities and other variables were compared among the three groups, stratified by disease activity status. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering with eXtreme Gradient Boosting feature importance analysis was performed to identify patient subgroups based on comorbidity profiles and PROMIS outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The study included 2561 patients (1907 RA, 311 PsA, 343 AS). After adjusting for demographic factors, no significant differences in PROMIS scores were observed among the three groups, regardless of disease activity status. Clustering analysis identified four distinct patient groups: low burden, comorbid PsA\/AS, low burden with depression and high-burden RA. Feature importance analysis revealed PROMIS global physical health as the strongest determinant of cluster assignment, followed by depression and diagnosis. The comorbid PsA\/AS and high-burden RA clusters showed a higher prevalence of comorbidities (56.47% and 69.7%, respectively) and depression (41.18% and 41.67%, respectively), along with poorer PROMIS outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Disease burden in inflammatory arthritis is determined by a complex interplay of factors, with physical health status and depression playing crucial roles. The identification of distinct patient clusters suggests the need for a paradigm shift towards more integrated care approaches that equally emphasize physical and mental health, regardless of the underlying diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/rap\/rkaf031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,18]],"date-time":"2025-04-18T17:01:34Z","timestamp":1744995694000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Disease burden in inflammatory arthritis: an unsupervised machine learning approach of the COVAD-2 e-survey dataset"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2573-5930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Venerito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro , Bari,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Del Vescovo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro , Bari,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3179-597X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergio","family":"Prieto-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona , Barcelona,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1716-7432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Fornaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro , Bari,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Cavagna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Pavia , Pavia,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo , Pavia,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0474-5344","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florenzo","family":"Iannone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro , Bari,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8352-6136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masataka","family":"Kuwana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Nippon Medical School , Tokyo,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vishwesh","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mahatma Gandhi Mission Medical College , Maharashtra,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8528-4361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica","family":"Day","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Translation, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research , Melbourne, VIC,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mrudula","family":"Joshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College and Sassoon General Hospitals , Pune,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sreoshy","family":"Saha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mymensingh Medical College , Mymensingh,","place":["Bangladesh"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kshitij","family":"Jagtap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College , Mumbai,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanruchada","family":"Katchamart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University , Bangkok,","place":["Thailand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phonpen","family":"Akarawatcharangura Goo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Queen Savang Vadhana Memorial Hospital , Chonburi,","place":["Thailand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Binit","family":"Vaidya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, National Centre for Rheumatic Diseases , Kathmandu,","place":["Nepal"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsvetelina","family":"Velikova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Faculty, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski , Sofia,","place":["Bulgaria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parikshit","family":"Sen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maulana Azad Medical College , New Delhi,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3682-4517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel Katsuyuki","family":"Shinjo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Faculdade de Medicina da, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo , S\u00e3o Paulo,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9158-7243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ai Lyn","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine and Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, University of Leeds , Leeds,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4479-7678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nelly","family":"Ziade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Department, Saint-Joseph University , Beirut,","place":["Lebanon"]},{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Hotel-Dieu De France Hospital , Beirut,","place":["Lebanon"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0943-8768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcin","family":"Milchert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Pomorski Uniwersytet Medyczny w Szczecinie , Szczecin,","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1842-2554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abraham","family":"Edgar Gracia-Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital, National Medical Center \u201cLa Raza\u201d, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social Delegacion Distrito Federal Norte , Mexico City,","place":["Mexico"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo V","family":"Caballero-Uribe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Hospital Universidad del Norte , Barranquilla,","place":["Colombia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"COVAD Study","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arvind","family":"Nune","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James B","family":"Lilleker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John D","family":"Pauling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Wincup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Armen Yuri","family":"Gasparyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naveen","family":"R","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhupen","family":"Barman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yogesh Preet","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajiv","family":"Ranjan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Avinash","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sapan C","family":"Pandya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rakesh Kumar","family":"Pilania","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aman","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manoj M","family":"Manesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vikas","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengappa G","family":"Kavadichanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pradeepta Sekhar","family":"Patro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sajal","family":"Ajmani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanat","family":"Phatak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rudra Prosad","family":"Goswami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abhra Chandra","family":"Chowdhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashish Jacob","family":"Mathew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Padnamabha","family":"Shenoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ajay","family":"Asranna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keerthi Talari","family":"Bommakanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anuj","family":"Shukla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arunkumar R","family":"Pande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prithvi Sanjeevkumar","family":"Gaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahabaleshwar","family":"Mamadapur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akanksha","family":"Ghodke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kunal","family":"Chandwar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naitica","family":"Darooka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Praggya","family":"Yaadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Babur","family":"Salim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zoha Zahid","family":"Fazal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahnoor","family":"Javaid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sinan","family":"Karde\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D\u00f6nd\u00fc \u00dcsk\u00fcdar","family":"Cansu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Re\u015fit","family":"Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashima","family":"Makol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tulika","family":"Chatterjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aarat","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margherita","family":"Giannini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Maurier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julien","family":"Campagne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alain","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicoletta","family":"Del Papa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianluca","family":"Sambataro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atzeni","family":"Fabiola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcello","family":"Govoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Parisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena Bartoloni","family":"Bocci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gian Domenico","family":"Sebastiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Fusaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Sebastiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Quartuccio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franco","family":"Franceschini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pier Paolo","family":"Sainaghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Orsolini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rossella","family":"De Angelis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Giovanna","family":"Danielli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Grignaschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Giollo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Andreoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Lini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessia","family":"Alunno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa S","family":"Traboco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syahrul Sazliyana","family":"Shaharir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chou Luan","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suryo Anggoro Kusumo","family":"Wibowo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel A","family":"Saavedra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erick Adrian Zamora","family":"Tehozol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge Rojas","family":"Serrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ignacio Garc\u00eda-De","family":"La Torre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iris J","family":"Colunga-Pedraza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Merayo-Chalico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raquel","family":"Aranega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Loarce-Martos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonardo Santos","family":"Hoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ran","family":"Nakashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinji","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoki","family":"Kimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuko","family":"Kaneko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takahisa","family":"Gono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioannis","family":"Parodis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Distler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Knitza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stylianos","family":"Tomaras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabian Nikolai","family":"Proft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-Therese","family":"Holzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Schreiber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margarita Aleksandrovna","family":"Gromova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Or","family":"Aharonov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melinda","family":"Nagy-Vincze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zolt\u00e1n","family":"Griger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ihsane","family":"Hmamouchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Imane","family":"El bouchti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zineb","family":"Baba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dzifa","family":"Dey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uyi","family":"Ima-Edomwonyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibukunoluwa","family":"Dedeke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emorinken","family":"Airenakho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nwankwo Henry","family":"Madu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abubakar","family":"Yerima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hakeem","family":"Olaosebikan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Celestine Chibuzo","family":"Okwara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Becky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ouma Devi","family":"Koussougbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Palalane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daman","family":"Langguth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vidya","family":"Limaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Merrilee","family":"Needham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nilesh","family":"Srivastav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Hudson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oc\u00e9ane","family":"Landon-Cardinal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Russka","family":"Shumnalieva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos Enrique Toro","family":"Guti\u00e9rrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wilmer Gerardo Rojas","family":"Zuleta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c1lvaro","family":"Arbel\u00e1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Cajas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Ant\u00f3nio Pereira","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Eurico","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olena","family":"Zimba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doskaliuk","family":"Bohdana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ho","family":"So","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel Francisco","family":"Ugarte-Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lyn","family":"Chinchay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Proa\u00f1o","family":"Bernaola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victorio","family":"Pimentel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A T M Tanveer","family":"Hasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamer A","family":"Gheita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanan Mohamed","family":"Fathi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reem Hamdy A","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Ming","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghita","family":"Harifi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"El Kibbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hussein","family":"Halabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuril\u00eds","family":"Fuentes-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karoll","family":"Cabriza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Losanto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nelly","family":"Colaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Cachafeiro-Vilar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Generoso Guerra","family":"Bautista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrique Julio Giraldo","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lilith Stange","family":"Nunez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vergara M","family":"Cristian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jossiell Then","family":"B\u00e1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hugo","family":"Alonzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos Benito Santiago","family":"Pastelin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo Garc\u00eda","family":"Salinas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandro Qui\u00f1\u00f3nez","family":"Obiols","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nilmo","family":"Ch\u00e1vez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea Bran","family":"Ord\u00f3\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gil Alberto Reyes","family":"Llerena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Radames","family":"Sierra-Zorita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dina","family":"Arrieta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo Romero","family":"Hidalgo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Saenz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Escalante M","family":"Idania","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendy","family":"Calapaqui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivonne","family":"Quezada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Arredondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Latika","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vikas","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6492-1288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hector","family":"Chinoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester , Manchester,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2753-2990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Latika","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester , Manchester,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"School of Infection, Inflammation and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health, University of Birmingham , Birmingham,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Royal Wolverhampton Hospitals NHS Trust , Wolverhampton,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vikas","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences , Lucknow,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025052701320895600_rkaf031-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2019","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01525-8","article-title":"Rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"402","author":"Di Matteo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025052701320895600_rkaf031-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-021-00293-y","article-title":"Psoriatic arthritis","volume":"7","author":"FitzGerald","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primer"},{"key":"2025052701320895600_rkaf031-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31591-4","article-title":"Axial spondyloarthritis","volume":"390","author":"Sieper","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025052701320895600_rkaf031-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2083","article-title":"Arthritis and pain. Psychosocial aspects in the management of arthritis pain","volume":"8","author":"Backman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"2025052701320895600_rkaf031-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2082","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00393-7","article-title":"Chronic pain: an update on burden, best practices, and new advances","volume":"397","author":"Cohen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025052701320895600_rkaf031-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2017.05.010","article-title":"The psychosocial burden of psoriatic arthritis","volume":"47","author":"Husni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2025052701320895600_rkaf031-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2013.08.004","article-title":"Burden of disease in treated rheumatoid arthritis patients: going beyond the joint","volume":"43","author":"Cutolo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2025052701320895600_rkaf031-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0123582","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0123582","article-title":"A comparison of disease burden in rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and axial spondyloarthritis","volume":"10","author":"Michelsen","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025052701320895600_rkaf031-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-018-4201-3","article-title":"Residual symptoms and disease burden among patients with psoriatic arthritis: is a new disease activity index required?","volume":"39","author":"Kilic","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"2025052701320895600_rkaf031-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.200934","article-title":"Residual disease burden in patients with axial spondyloarthritis and psoriatic arthritis despite low disease activity states in a multiethnic Asian population","volume":"48","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2025052701320895600_rkaf031-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000588","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2017-000588","article-title":"Real-world burden of comorbidities in US patients with psoriatic arthritis","volume":"3","author":"Shah","year":"2017","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"key":"2025052701320895600_rkaf031-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3289","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keaa780","article-title":"Comorbidities, pain and fatigue in psoriatic arthritis, psoriasis and healthy controls: a clinical cohort study","volume":"60","author":"Ballegaard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"2025052701320895600_rkaf031-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2473","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-019-04579-1","article-title":"Comorbidity burden and clinical characteristics of patients with difficult-to-control rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"38","author":"Batko","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"2025052701320895600_rkaf031-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-019-0256-0","article-title":"Cardiometabolic comorbidities in RA and PsA: lessons learned and future directions","volume":"15","author":"Ferguson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"2025052701320895600_rkaf031-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-018-4332-7","article-title":"Role of comorbidities in spondyloarthritis including psoriatic arthritis","volume":"38","author":"Scriffignano","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"2025052701320895600_rkaf031-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3778","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keaa860","article-title":"Difficult-to-treat rheumatoid arthritis: contributing factors and burden of disease","volume":"60","author":"Roodenrijs","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"2025052701320895600_rkaf031-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4158","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keaa900","article-title":"Comorbidity and response to TNF inhibitors in axial spondyloarthritis: longitudinal analysis of the BSRBR-AS","volume":"60","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"2025052701320895600_rkaf031-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-021-05046-4","article-title":"COVID-19 vaccination in autoimmune disease (COVAD) survey protocol","volume":"42","author":"Sen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"2025052701320895600_rkaf031-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2151","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-022-05157-6","article-title":"COVAD survey 2 long-term outcomes: unmet need and protocol","volume":"42","author":"Fazal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"2025052701320895600_rkaf031-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-022-04675-1","article-title":"Statistical power for cluster analysis","volume":"23","author":"Dalmaijer","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2025052701320895600_rkaf031-B21","first-page":"S486","article-title":"Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS\u00ae)\u2014the future of measuring patient reported outcomes in rheumatology","volume":"63(Suppl 11)","author":"Khanna","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"key":"2025052701320895600_rkaf031-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.4346","article-title":"Principal component analysis","volume":"14","author":"Lever","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"2025052701320895600_rkaf031-B23"},{"key":"2025052701320895600_rkaf031-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aet127","article-title":"Sex differences in pain: a brief review of clinical and experimental findings","volume":"111","author":"Bartley","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"2025052701320895600_rkaf031-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1866","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24031866","article-title":"The role of sex hormones in pain-related conditions","volume":"24","author":"Athnaiel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2025052701320895600_rkaf031-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2028","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12162028","article-title":"Sexual dimorphism in the mechanism of pain central sensitization","volume":"12","author":"Barcelon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"2025052701320895600_rkaf031-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2022.152151","article-title":"Patient global assessment is elevated by up to 5 of 10 units in patients with inflammatory arthritis who screen positive for fibromyalgia (by FAST4) and\/or depression (by MDS2) on a single MDHAQ","volume":"58","author":"Schmukler","year":"2023","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2025052701320895600_rkaf031-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.14298","article-title":"Depression in psoriatic arthritis: related to socio-demographics, comorbid loads or disease activity?","volume":"25","author":"Lai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2025052701320895600_rkaf031-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1089\/pop.2014.0062","article-title":"Relationship between depression and physical activity, disability, burden, and health-related quality of life among patients with arthritis","volume":"18","author":"Joshi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Popul Health Manag"},{"key":"2025052701320895600_rkaf031-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(18)30255-4","article-title":"Rheumatoid arthritis and depression: an inflammatory perspective","volume":"6","author":"Nerurkar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Rheumatology Advances in Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/rheumap\/article-pdf\/9\/2\/rkaf031\/62944999\/rkaf031.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/rheumap\/article-pdf\/9\/2\/rkaf031\/62944999\/rkaf031.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T05:32:19Z","timestamp":1748323939000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/rheumap\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/rap\/rkaf031\/8115326"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/rap\/rkaf031","relation":{},"ISSN":["2514-1775"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2514-1775","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"article-number":"rkaf031"}}