{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:33:22Z","timestamp":1787009602536,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]],"date-time":"2025-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741910400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":72,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012041","name":"Versus Arthritis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21761"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21761"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012041","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n This study aimed to qualitatively examine the delivery of the WORKWELL trial, a job retention vocational rehabilitation (JRVR) programme designed to help individuals with inflammatory arthritis (IA) maintain employment. A qualitative process evaluation used the Normalization Process Theory (NPT) to understand participant experiences and identify factors influencing implementation and outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Data were collected via one-to-one telephone interviews with trial participants at 12 and 36\u2009months. An inductive reflexive thematic analysis was followed by a deductive analysis based on NPT\u2019s four constructs (coherence, cognitive participation, collective action and reflexive monitoring).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Sixty-two participants (mean age 51.0; 82.3% female) were interviewed, most diagnosed with RA (75.8%). Four secondary themes were generated under NPT constructs. For \u2018Coherence\u2019, themes included \u2018Exploring the Purpose and Impact of Taking Part in WORKWELL\u2019 and \u2018Questionnaires as Instrument for Reflection\u2019. In \u2018Cognitive Participation\u2019, the theme was \u2018Commitment and Investment to WORKWELL\u2019. For \u2018Collective Action\u2019, we identified \u2018Key Actions for Successful WORKWELL\u2019, and under \u2018Reflexive Monitoring\u2019, the theme was \u2018Suggestions for Improving WORKWELL\u2019. These themes reflected participants\u2019 mixed feelings about the intervention, finding value in the intervention but highlighting the need for more tailored, timely and relevant content. Workplace support was crucial but often insufficient. Follow-up calls from researchers to ensure questionnaire completion were seen as a way to reflect and monitor their conditions. The pandemic\u2019s impact on work environments also influenced outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n Findings suggest that WORKWELL provided work support for participants, though its impact could be enhanced through greater customization, early intervention and stronger workplace engagement.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03942783. Registered on 8 May 2019. ISRCTN Registry ISRCTN61762297. Registered on 13 May 2019. Retrospectively registered.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/rap\/rkaf034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T00:18:09Z","timestamp":1741652289000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["WORKWELL process evaluation: qualitative data analyses of the participant interviews at 12- and 36-month follow-ups"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7471-1951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simone","family":"Battista","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Society, Centre for Human Movement and Rehabilitation, University of Salford , Salford,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2235-5748","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer","family":"Parker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Society, Centre for Human Movement and 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Midlands,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5266-9991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alison","family":"Hammond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Society, Centre for Human Movement and Rehabilitation, University of Salford , Salford,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6246-3180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathryn","family":"Radford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Rehabilitation and Ageing Research, University of Nottingham and Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre , Nottingham,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8324-9957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula","family":"Holland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health Research, Lancaster University , Lancaster,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8896-4677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Terence","family":"O\u2019Neill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, The University of Manchester , Manchester,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester University Foundation NHS Trust , Manchester,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5992-1459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen","family":"Walker-Bone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Monash University , Melbourne,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Versus Arthritis and MRC Centre for Musculoskeletal Health and Work, University of Southampton , 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