{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T19:14:05Z","timestamp":1763147645197,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761091200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":294,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Amgen and Pfizer Canada since 2007"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007013","name":"Hoffman La Roche","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007013","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Growing evidence points to mental health impacts of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We explored trajectories of depressive symptoms in the year pre- and 2\u2009years post-pandemic onset in adults with RA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data are from the Canadian Early Arthritis Cohort (CATCH), a prospective, multicentre, early RA cohort of Canadian adults treated by rheumatologists. Pre-pandemic, participants completed patient-reported outcome measures and rheumatology exams in person. After March 2020, patient-reported outcomes were collected at in-person and virtual visits. We used group-based trajectory modelling to explore longitudinal patterns of depressive symptoms prior to and throughout the COVID-19 pandemic and multinomial regression to identify factors associated with depression trajectory group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 989 participants had a mean age of 60\u2009years (s.d. 14), RA for 6\u2009years (s.d. 4) and were mostly white (84%) and female (73%) with some college education (60%). Most (77%) were in Clinical Disease Activity Index remission\/low disease activity prior to the pandemic. We identified four trajectories: resilient (no symptoms throughout: 60%), worsening (none\u2013mild: 22%), improving (mild\u2013minimal: 8%) and persistent (moderate\u2013severe throughout: 9%). Age, sex, race, education, pain, physical and social functioning, fibromyalgia and history of anxiety\/depression were associated with different trajectories.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although 60% had a consistent affect during the first 2\u2009years of the pandemic, mood worsened in greater than one in five, suggesting a cumulative impact over time. Biological, psychological and social factors and worse pre-pandemic symptoms and function were associated with a greater risk of depression during the pandemic. Identifying at-risk groups impacted by major stressors like the pandemic may offer new opportunities to personalize treatment, allocate resources, reduce disease flares and improve outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/rap\/rkaf120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T11:48:06Z","timestamp":1760788086000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Predictors of depression trajectories during the COVID-19 pandemic in adults with rheumatoid arthritis: results from the Canadian Early Arthritis Cohort"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9755-2490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan J","family":"Bartlett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, McGill University , Montreal, QC,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, MD,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5217-9028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Orit","family":"Schieir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, McGill University , Montreal, QC,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5818-4880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie-France","family":"Valois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, McGill University , Montreal, QC,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2481-5821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gilles","family":"Boire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke, QC,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0588-4947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diane","family":"Tin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Arthritis Excellence , Newmarket, ON,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1479-5302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janet E","family":"Pope","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario , London, ON,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5547-3268","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carol A","family":"Hitchon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, MB,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7709-3741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Glen","family":"Hazlewood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Calgary , Calgary, AB,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1721-190X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carter","family":"Thorne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Arthritis Excellence , Newmarket, ON,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6834-2731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louis","family":"Bessette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Laval , Quebec City, Quebec,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7850-2658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugues","family":"Allard-Chamard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke, QC,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3370-0006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bindee","family":"Kuriya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1219-3845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vivian P","family":"Bykerk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery , New York, NY,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"CATCH Investigators","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Akhavan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Barber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Barra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Bessette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Boire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V","family":"Bykerk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I","family":"Colmegna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Fallavollita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Haaland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Haraoui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Hazlewood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Hitchon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Jamal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Joshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Keystone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B","family":"Kuriya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Panopalis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Pope","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Thorne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Villeneuve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Zummer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025111414012457200_rkaf120-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.24095\/hpcdp.41.11.04","article-title":"Symptoms of major depressive disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic: results from a representative sample of the Canadian population","volume":"41","author":"Shields","year":"2021","journal-title":"Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can"},{"key":"2025111414012457200_rkaf120-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30308-4","article-title":"Mental health before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal probability sample survey of the UK population","volume":"7","author":"Pierce","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"year":"2024","author":"National Center for Health Statistics","key":"2025111414012457200_rkaf120-B3"},{"key":"2025111414012457200_rkaf120-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1700","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02143-7","article-title":"Global prevalence and burden of depressive and anxiety disorders in 204 countries and territories in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"398","author":"COVID-19 Mental Disorders Collaborators","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025111414012457200_rkaf120-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2136","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ket169","article-title":"The prevalence of depression in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"52","author":"Matcham","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"2025111414012457200_rkaf120-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kev306","article-title":"Symptoms of depression and anxiety predict treatment response and long-term physical health outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis: secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial","volume":"55","author":"Matcham","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"2025111414012457200_rkaf120-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e001546","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2020-001546","article-title":"Assessment of impact of the COVID-19 pandemic from the perspective of patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases in Europe: results from the REUMAVID study (phase 1)","volume":"7","author":"Garrido-Cumbrera","year":"2021","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"key":"2025111414012457200_rkaf120-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2071","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.120029","article-title":"The Canadian Early Arthritis Cohort (CATCH): patients with new-onset synovitis meeting the 2010 ACR\/EULAR classification criteria but not the 1987 ACR classification criteria present with less severe disease activity","volume":"39","author":"Bykerk","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"5 Suppl 39","key":"2025111414012457200_rkaf120-B9","first-page":"S100","article-title":"The Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI) and the Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI): a review of their usefulness and validity in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"23","author":"Aletaha","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"2025111414012457200_rkaf120-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0138543","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0138543","article-title":"Reliability and validity of selected PROMIS measures in people with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"10","author":"Bartlett","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025111414012457200_rkaf120-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.01.101","article-title":"Minimally important differences and severity thresholds are estimated for the PROMIS depression scales from three randomized clinical trials","volume":"266","author":"Kroenke","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"2025111414012457200_rkaf120-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2018.07.005","article-title":"Risk factors for relapse and recurrence of depression in adults and how they operate: a four-phase systematic review and meta-synthesis","volume":"64","author":"Buckman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"2025111414012457200_rkaf120-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbac174","article-title":"Social isolation, loneliness, and depressive symptoms: a twelve-year population study of temporal dynamics","volume":"78","author":"Luo","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci"},{"key":"2025111414012457200_rkaf120-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.focus.20150017","article-title":"The social determinants of mental health","volume":"13","author":"Compton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Focus"},{"key":"2025111414012457200_rkaf120-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(21)00151-6","article-title":"Mental health responses to the COVID-19 pandemic: a latent class trajectory analysis using longitudinal UK data","volume":"8","author":"Pierce","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025111414012457200_rkaf120-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.14033","article-title":"COVID-19 in Canada: experience and response","volume":"324","author":"Detsky","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2025111414012457200_rkaf120-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1007\/s40744-020-00217-4","article-title":"Rheumatoid arthritis: the impact of mental health on disease: a narrative review","volume":"7","author":"Lwin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rheumatol Ther"}],"container-title":["Rheumatology Advances in Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/rheumap\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/rap\/rkaf120\/64833421\/rkaf120.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/rheumap\/article-pdf\/9\/4\/rkaf120\/64833421\/rkaf120.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/rheumap\/article-pdf\/9\/4\/rkaf120\/64833421\/rkaf120.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T19:01:31Z","timestamp":1763146891000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/rheumap\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/rap\/rkaf120\/8294577"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,13]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/rap\/rkaf120","relation":{},"ISSN":["2514-1775"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2514-1775"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"article-number":"rkaf120"}}