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Age-related skin conditions include senile purpura, seborrheic keratoses, pemphigus vulgaris, bullous pemphigoid, diabetic foot wounds and skin cancer. Current methods of drug testing prior to clinical trials require the use of pre-clinical animal models, which are often unable to adequately replicate human skin response. Therefore, a reliable model for aged human skin is needed. The current challenges in developing an aged human skin model include the intrinsic variability in skin architecture from person to person. An ideal skin model would incorporate innate functionality such as sensation, vascularization and regeneration. The advent of 3D bioprinting allows us to create human skin equivalent for use as clinical-grade surgical graft, for drug testing and other needs. In this review, we describe the process of human skin aging and outline the steps to create an aged skin model with 3D bioprinting using skin cells (i.e. keratinocytes, fibroblasts and melanocytes). We also provide an overview of current bioprinted skin models, associated limitations and direction for future research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/rb\/rbad060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,13]],"date-time":"2023-06-13T17:13:32Z","timestamp":1686676412000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["3D bioprinting\u2014a model for skin aging"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8821-4869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryeim B","family":"Ansaf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Colorado State University Pueblo , Pueblo, CO 81001, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Ziebart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine , Rochester, MN 55905, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hemanth","family":"Gudapati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic Department of Dermatology , Rochester, MN 55905, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafaela Mayumi","family":"Simoes Torigoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Rochester, MN 55905, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stella","family":"Victorelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering , Rochester, MN 55905, USA"},{"name":"Mayo Clinic Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging , Rochester, MN 55905, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joao","family":"Passos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering , Rochester, MN 55905, 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