{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T11:22:02Z","timestamp":1788348122777,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":105,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762560000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Health Service","award":["PNRR-POC-2023-12378222"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNRR-POC-2023-12378222"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Craniosynostosis (CS), characterized by the premature fusion of cranial sutures, often results from aberrant activation of Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2), a major regulator of osteogenic differentiation in cranial mesenchyme. Despite surgical interventions, recurrence and complications remain common, underscoring the need for targeted molecular therapies. In this study, we developed a novel formulation of bioactive nanocomposite hydrogel-based ink designed for localized, sustained delivery of therapeutic small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting FGFR2. The delivery system combines gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA), a biocompatible and photo-crosslinkable hydrogel, with poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs), creating an injectable and mouldable platform with potential for future craniofacial application. Selected siRNAs achieved up to 90% FGFR2 mRNA knockdown and reduced downstream protein signalling activation, including pFGFR2 (60%), pERK1\/2 (37%) and RUNX2 (43%) in patient-derived cells. PLGA NPs demonstrated high siRNA encapsulation efficiency, efficient cytoplasmic delivery and lysosomal escape. When embedded in GelMA and 3D-printed, the GelMA-NP system showed sustained NP retention and a controlled-release profile, maintaining functional gene silencing for up to 20\u2009days. This multifunctional platform not only supports FGFR2 modulation in CS but also holds translational promise as a customizable scaffold for delivering other bioactive compounds, advancing paediatric cranioplasty outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/rb\/rbaf115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,9]],"date-time":"2025-11-09T11:24:31Z","timestamp":1762687471000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A smart nanocomposite bioactive ink for controlled siRNA delivery in calvarial mesenchymal stromal cells as a minimally invasive treatment for craniosynostosis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Martina","family":"Salvati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e0 Operativa Complessa di Neurochirurgia Infantile, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. 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