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We purified CI\/CS cells from colon cancer cells utilizing a membrane filtration method. We developed membrane filters with different surface charges (zeta potentials) by blending a negatively ionized polymer [poly(vinyl alcohol-itaconic acid), PVI] or a positively ionized polymer [poly(L-lysine), PLL] into poly(lactide-co-glycolic acid) (PLG). Suspensions of HT-29 colon cancer cells and PAT-3 cells (primary colon cancer cells from a colon cancer patient in this research) were permeated through unmodified PLG filters and modified PLG filters blended with and without PVI or PLL. The cells in the filtration and recovering solutions and migrating cells from the filters after filtration were evaluated to identify the cells in each fraction and which filter enriched CI\/CS cells. CI\/CS cells were evaluated for (a) CD44 and CD133 (CI\/CS cell markers) expression by flow cytometry and immunostaining in vitro. Cells were also (b) evaluated by a colony formation assay in vitro, (c) evaluated for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) production by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in vitro and (d) evaluated for a xenograft tumorigenicity test using NOD.CB17-Prkdcscid\/NcrCrl (NOD-SCID) mice in vivo. The results revealed that the migration of colon cancer cells from positively charged PLG\/PLL filters increased the number of CI\/CS cells efficiently and killed 83% of NOD-SCID mice after transplantation, whereas the other fraction of cells did not kill NOD-SCID mice. The filtration method through PLG\/PLL filters is effective for purifying CI\/CS cells from colon cancer cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/rb\/rbag018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T12:36:21Z","timestamp":1770122181000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Enrichment of colon cancer stem cells via polymeric porous filters with different zeta potentials"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Tzu-Cheng","family":"Sung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Eye Health, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling-Chun","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University , Jhongli, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Eye Health, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuanyu","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Eye Health, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manman","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Eye Health, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Eye Health, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeyu","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Eye Health, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0961-8224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ting","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Eye Health, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children\u2019s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiandong","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Eye Health, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry Hsin-Chung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Cathay General Hospital , Taipei 106, Taiwan,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Translational and Interdisciplinary Medicine, National Central University , Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2970-8531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akon","family":"Higuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Eye Health, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University , Jhongli, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan,","place":["China"]},{"name":"R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University , Taoyuan 320, Taiwan,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026032423420771000_rbag018-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1007\/s12015-016-9664-6","article-title":"Spheroid-formation (colonosphere) assay for in vitro assessment and expansion of stem cells in colon cancer","volume":"12","author":"Shaheen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rev Rep"},{"key":"2026032423420771000_rbag018-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16158","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.7567","article-title":"Epigallocatechin-3-gallate targets cancer stem-like cells and enhances 5-fluorouracil chemosensitivity in 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