{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T02:41:15Z","timestamp":1785033675230,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780704000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":156,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical Key Strategic Project of Wuxi Health Commission and the Zhenjiang City Science and Technology Project","award":["SH2024043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SH2024043"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Osteochondral defects remain difficult to repair because articular cartilage and subchondral bone differ in structure and regenerative capacity, and stable interface integration is challenging. Here, we developed a structurally continuous yet functionally stratified biphasic scaffold via dual-temperature 3D printing, consisting of a poly(\u03b5-caprolac tone)\/\u03b2-tricalcium phosphate (PCL\/\u03b2-TCP) bone-mimetic phase with larger macropores and a pure PCL cartilage-guiding phase with smaller pores. A GelMA\/chondroitin sulfate (GelMA\/CS) hydrogel was selectively infiltrated into the upper region by immersion and photocrosslinking, while a \u223c0.5\u2009mm hydrogel-free transitional zone was preserved as a structural transition region between the chondral hydrogel compartment and the subchondral scaffold. In vitro, GelMA\/CS functionalization enhanced chondrocyte adhesion, promoted sGAG secretion and upregulated chondrogenic genes. Under osteochondral induction, the scaffolds supported osteo- and chondrogenic marker expression in human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Transcriptomic profiling indicated enrichment of ECM- and mechanotransduction-related pathways, consistent with the involvement of TRPV4-associated mechanosensing and PI3K\/AKT-related signaling. In a rabbit femoral osteochondral defect model, the GelMA\/CS-functionalized scaffold enhanced early subchondral bone regeneration by micro-CT and promoted cartilage-like matrix deposition and chondrogenic marker staining compared with the unmodified scaffold and untreated control at 4 and 8\u2009weeks. This hydrogel-integrated biphasic design offers a scalable strategy for coordinated osteochondral regeneration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/rb\/rbag111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T11:47:08Z","timestamp":1780487228000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Three-dimensionally-printed biphasic PCL\/\n                    <b>\u03b2<\/b>\n                    -TCP scaffold with spatially confined GelMA\/CS hydrogel for coordinated osteochondral regeneration"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Feng","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University , Suzhou 215123,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Department of Emergency Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212001,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyun","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuxi Ninth People\u2019s Hospital, Affiliated to Soochow University , Wuxi 214000,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qixiang","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212001,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7248-8218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangdong","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Grazia","family":"Raucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council , Naples 80072,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Ambrosio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council , Naples 80072,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingdong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingyi","family":"Mi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuxi Ninth People\u2019s Hospital, Affiliated to Soochow University , Wuxi 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