{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T22:06:22Z","timestamp":1783980382587,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":165,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82572842"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82572842"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82502912"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82502912"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82302664"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82302664"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004608","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BK20230494"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20230494"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004608","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004608","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BK20250355"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20250355"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004608","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD), characterized by oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and extracellular matrix (ECM) breakdown, is a major contributor to low back pain. Current regenerative strategies often fail to address both the biological and structural aspects of IVDD in an integrated manner. Here, we demonstrate that chondroitin sulfate (CS) exerts a dual therapeutic role by enhancing endogenous antioxidant defenses and promoting anabolic ECM synthesis in both annulus fibrosus cells (AFCs) and nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs). Mechanistically, CS activates the integrin \u03b14\u03b21-PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, preserving mitochondrial integrity and restoring redox homeostasis. Furthermore, we developed an injectable, multifunctional PVA\/collagen (Col)\/CS hydrogel that integrates mechanical support, bioactivity and targeted CS delivery to enable unified repair of the disc\u2019s biphasic structure. In a rat IVDD model, this hydrogel effectively preserved disc architecture, restored disc height and MRI signal and upregulated key matrix and antioxidant markers, demonstrating coordinated repair of both the annulus fibrosus (AF) and the nucleus pulposus (NP). Our study establishes CS as a potent dual-function agent and presents an integrated hydrogel-based strategy for functional disc regeneration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/rb\/rbag134","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T19:08:45Z","timestamp":1781550525000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Chondroitin sulfate reinforces mitochondrial redox homeostasis to enable integrated intervertebral disc regeneration"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Xin","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University , Suzhou 215000,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yixue","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopaedic Institute, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University , Suzhou 215006,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yilin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopaedic Institute, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University , Suzhou 215006,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yesheng","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopaedic Institute, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University , Suzhou 215006,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopaedic Institute, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University , Suzhou 215006,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopaedic Institute, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University , Suzhou 215006,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9746-6004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopaedic Institute, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University , Suzhou 215006,","place":["China"]},{"name":"National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University , Shanghai 200444,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yijie","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University , Suzhou 215000,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026071317523419100_rbag134-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00733-9","article-title":"Low back pain","volume":"398","author":"Knezevic","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026071317523419100_rbag134-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e316","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(23)00098-X","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of low back pain, 1990-2020, its attributable risk factors, and projections to 2050: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"5","author":"Collaborators GBDLBP","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol"},{"key":"2026071317523419100_rbag134-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100978","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2019.100978","article-title":"Intervertebral disc ageing and degeneration: the antiapoptotic effect of oestrogen","volume":"57","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"2026071317523419100_rbag134-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2015.09.019","article-title":"Aging and age related stresses: a senescence mechanism of intervertebral disc degeneration","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"2026071317523419100_rbag134-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2018.04.017","article-title":"Intervertebral disc regeneration: from cell therapy to the development of novel bioinspired endogenous 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