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The outer PPDO layer provided mechanical strength, while the inner BG\/CNP-loaded hydrogel fibrous layer offered reduction of adhesion, as well as antioxidant and angiogenic functions. In vitro studies demonstrated that the CBPP-2 group exhibited excellent cytocompatibility, Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)-scavenging capacity, and sequential immunomodulation, leading to accelerated tissue repair. In vivo implantation confirmed that CBPP-2 promoted neodura formation, enhanced angiogenesis, and minimized fibrosis and tissue adhesion. The degradation timeline of CBPP closely matched the physiological repair process, coupling early anti-inflammatory activity with later tissue regeneration. This bioinspired, time-responsive scaffold provides a promising strategy for dural substitutes and offers valuable insights into temporal tissue regeneration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/rb\/rbag154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T11:28:07Z","timestamp":1784633287000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bioinspired BG\/PPDO-CNP\/Pluronic F-127 hydrogel fibrous dura mater with temporally programmed degradation and adhesion prevention inspired by the hierarchical architecture of dragonfly wings"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Junqin","family":"Mao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physics, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heng","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physics, Sichuan University , Chengdu 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