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PPCM is characterized by a decrease in left ventricular function that leads to heart failure in pregnant women with no previous history of cardiovascular disease, and for which the etiology of heart failure cannot be identified. Despite advances in understanding its molecular and clinical underpinnings, PPCM remains a diagnosis of exclusion. This review provides an overview of PPCM, including discussions on clinical presentation, population incidence, the potential role for genetic mutations, existing animal models, and candidate biomarkers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/reprod\/xaag009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T12:33:29Z","timestamp":1768307609000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Current perspectives in peripartum cardiomyopathy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"171","author":[{"given":"Jack G","family":"Goldsmith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine , Columbia, SC 29208,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9008-4601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edie C","family":"Goldsmith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine , Columbia, SC 29208,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026041912165966300_xaag009-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10140","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.17.10140","article-title":"Enhanced G\u03b1q signaling: A common pathway mediated cardiac hypertrophy and apoptotic heart failure","volume":"95","author":"Adams","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"2026041912165966300_xaag009-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13573","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232113573","article-title":"The role of microRNAs in dilated cardiomyopathy: New insights for an old entity","volume":"23","author":"Alonso-Villa","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"key":"2026041912165966300_xaag009-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.020491","article-title":"Peripartum cardiomyopathy","volume":"133","author":"Arany","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026041912165966300_xaag009-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1763","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.122.320395","article-title":"Animal models of cardiovascular complications of pregnancy","volume":"130","author":"Arany","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circulation Research"},{"key":"2026041912165966300_xaag009-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preghy.2023.11.004","article-title":"Peripartum cardiomyopathy delivery hospitalization and postpartum readmission trends, risk factors, and outcomes","volume":"34","author":"Azad","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pregnancy Hypertension"},{"key":"2026041912165966300_xaag009-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1493","article-title":"Pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of peripartum cardiomyopathy: A position statement from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology Study Group on peripartum cardiomyopathy","volume":"21","author":"Bauersachs","year":"2019","journal-title":"European Journal of Heart Failure"},{"key":"2026041912165966300_xaag009-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2014.00531","article-title":"Peripartum cardiomyopathy and dilated cardiomyopathy: Different at heart","volume":"5","author":"Bollen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Frontiers in Physiology"},{"key":"2026041912165966300_xaag009-B8","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2025"},{"key":"2026041912165966300_xaag009-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633013","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.633013","article-title":"Heat shock proteins: Potential modulators and candidate biomarkers of peripartum cardiomyopathy","volume":"8","author":"Chakafana","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine"},{"key":"2026041912165966300_xaag009-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002-9149(97)00738-8","article-title":"Cardiovascular function before, during, and after the first and subsequent pregnancies","volume":"80","author":"Clapp","year":"1997","journal-title":"The American Journal of Cardiology"},{"key":"2026041912165966300_xaag009-B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2016.01.004","article-title":"Relaxin-2 and soluble Flt-1 levels in peripartum cardiomyopathy: Results of the multicenter IPAC study","volume":"4","author":"Damp","year":"2016","journal-title":"JACC. 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