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Understanding this process is crucial for reproductive biology, as climate change poses challenges to fertility. This study evaluated the effects of prenatal HS (41\u2009\u00b0C, 65% relative humidity) during early, late, or full-term pregnancy on postnatal development and reproductive function of F1 male mice. Additionally, the potential transmission of heat acclimation was evaluated by analyzing gene expression in the testes of F1 males and in F2 blastocysts derived from matings between F1 males and control females (maintained at 25\u2009\u00b0C, 45% relative humidity). Between the third and eighth postnatal weeks, F1 males exposed to HS showed accelerated weight gain (p\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05). Genes related to glucose transport (GLUT1, GLUT3, GLUT8) and lipid metabolism (FASN, ACACB) were upregulated (p\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05) in both generations. HS-response genes (HSP60, HSPA1A, HSPA1B) and autophagy-related ATG8 were also upregulated in early pregnancy and full-term pregnancy groups. Despite these molecular changes, sperm parameters (concentration, motility, morphology) and fertilization potential remained unaffected. These findings suggest that in utero HS induces metabolic and stress-response adaptations, promoting reproductive heat acclimation that persists in the next generation. Understanding these mechanisms may offer insights into fertility resilience under thermal stress.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/reprod\/xaag014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T12:35:08Z","timestamp":1768566908000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Intrauterine heat stress: molecular acclimation and epigenetic transmission in F1 and F2 male mice"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"171","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4938-2655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ribrio I T P","family":"Batista","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancia e Biotecnologia (PPBI), Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Professor Marcos Waldemar de Freitas Reis , Niter\u00f3i, RJ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2864-701X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tays F M","family":"Bento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancia e Biotecnologia (PPBI), Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Professor Marcos Waldemar de Freitas Reis , Niter\u00f3i, RJ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9814-9695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 R N","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancia e Biotecnologia (PPBI), Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Professor Marcos Waldemar de Freitas Reis , Niter\u00f3i, RJ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1768-9169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vivian A P","family":"Alfradique","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Veterin\u00e1ria, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Vital Brazil Filho , Niter\u00f3i, RJ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2731-9137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawel M","family":"Bartlewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph , Guelph, ON,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4872-1718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna M G","family":"Souza-Fabjan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Veterin\u00e1ria, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Vital Brazil Filho , Niter\u00f3i, RJ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026031517312076800_xaag014-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-016-0097-5","article-title":"Association between heat stress and oxidative stress in poultry; mitochondrial dysfunction and dietary interventions with phytochemicals","volume":"7","author":"Akbarian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology"},{"key":"2026031517312076800_xaag014-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2938","article-title":"Heat shock factors: Integrators of cell stress, development and lifespan","volume":"11","author":"Akerfelt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. 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