{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T22:36:41Z","timestamp":1792276601419,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2023MC123"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2023MC123"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In brief: Female germline stem cells or oogonial stem cells (OSCs) in the chicken ovary can proliferate and differentiate into oocytes, but their numbers decline with age. Anti-M\u00fcllerian hormone (AMH) is the key hormone that stimulates OSC proliferation, thereby ensuring sustained reproductive capacity in chickens.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Abstract: The ovarian female germline stem cells or oogonial stem cells(OSC) population in postnatal chicken is a potential reservoir for follicular renewal, however the signals that regulate OSC maintenance and expansion are not well understood. Here, we identify anti-M\u00fcllerian hormone (AMH) as a key mitogen for chicken OSCs and define its signaling mechanism. Following the successful isolation and characterization of OSCs from adult hens, we found that these cells exhibit a distinctive hormonal receptor profile: they highly express the AMH type II receptor (AMHR2) while showing negligible expression of canonical gonadotropin receptors (FSHR, LHR) and estrogen receptors (ESR1, ESR2). Functionally, AMH robustly stimulated OSCs proliferation in both culture and ex vivo ovarian explants. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that AMH treatment alters the expression of 305 genes, coordinating the activation of major pro-proliferation pathways\u2014including ErbB, mTOR, and Wnt signaling\u2014and concurrently suppressing apoptotic and necroptotic pathways. This effect is mediated through phosphorylation of Smad1\/5\/8 without affecting their mRNA or total protein levels. Critically, pharmacological inhibition of Smad1\/5\/8 phosphorylation completely blocked AMH-induced proliferation and reversed the AMH-driven upregulation of proliferative genes (MYC, EGR4, CDK1, BLK) as well as the downregulation of the pro-apoptotic gene FASLG. Our results establish a novel, pro-proliferative role for AMH in avian ovarian biology, operating through a conserved AMH to expand the OSCs pool by dual regulation of cell cycle and survival pathways. This work reframes AMH\u2019s physiological role beyond its classical function in follicle recruitment and offers new insights into the hormonal control of OSCs, with implications for enhancing reproductive longevity in poultry.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/reprod\/xaag063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T11:43:16Z","timestamp":1778845396000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["AMH drive female germline stem cell proliferation through the canonical Smad pathway in avian ovary"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"172","author":[{"given":"Qing","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science, Shandong Provincial Key laboratory for Livestock Germplasm Innovation & Utilization, Shandong Agricultural University , Taian,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changhao","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science, Shandong Provincial Key laboratory for Livestock Germplasm Innovation & Utilization, Shandong Agricultural University , Taian,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongcai","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science, Shandong Provincial Key laboratory for Livestock Germplasm Innovation & Utilization, Shandong Agricultural University , Taian,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingui","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science, Shandong Provincial Key laboratory for Livestock Germplasm Innovation & Utilization, Shandong Agricultural University , Taian,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenya","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science, Shandong Provincial Key laboratory for Livestock Germplasm Innovation & Utilization, Shandong Agricultural University , Taian,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuxiao","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science, Shandong Provincial Key laboratory for Livestock Germplasm Innovation & Utilization, Shandong Agricultural University , Taian,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science, Shandong Provincial Key laboratory for Livestock Germplasm Innovation & Utilization, Shandong Agricultural University , Taian,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4347-7668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guiyu","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science, Shandong Provincial Key laboratory for Livestock Germplasm 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