{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T17:40:30Z","timestamp":1790703630136,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,29]],"date-time":"2018-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1540771200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In markets where sellers are able to price discriminate, individuals pay different prices that may be unobserved by the econometrician. This article considers the structural estimation of a demand and supply model of differentiated products with such price discrimination and limited information on prices taking the form of, e.g., observing list prices from catalogues or average prices. Within this framework, identification is achieved not only with usual moment conditions on the demand side, but also through supply-side restrictions. The model can be estimated by GMM using a nested fixed point algorithm that extends the usual contraction mapping algorithm to our setting. We apply our methodology to estimate the demand and supply in the French new automobile market. Our results suggest that discounting arising from price discrimination is important. The average discount is estimated to be 9.6%, with large variation depending on buyers\u2019 characteristics and cars\u2019 specifications. Our results are consistent with other evidence on transaction prices in France.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/restud\/rdy064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,26]],"date-time":"2018-10-26T19:51:08Z","timestamp":1540583468000},"page":"1973-1998","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Automobile Prices in Market Equilibrium with Unobserved Price Discrimination"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Xavier","family":"D\u2019Haultf\u0153uille","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CREST"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isis","family":"Durrmeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Toulouse Capitole"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"F\u00e9vrier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CREST"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019091011555106800_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1162\/REST_a_00419","article-title":"Gasoline Prices, Fuel Economy, and the Energy Paradox\u201d","volume":"96","author":"ALLCOTT,","year":"2014","journal-title":"Review of Economics and Statistics"},{"key":"2019091011555106800_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1961","DOI":"10.3982\/ECTA10600","article-title":"Large Market Asymptotics for Differentiated Product Demand Estimators with Economic Models of Supply\u201d","volume":"84","author":"ARMSTRONG,","year":"2016","journal-title":"Econometrica"},{"key":"2019091011555106800_B3","first-page":"304","article-title":"Race and Gender Discrimination in Bargaining for a New Car\u201d","volume":"85","author":"AYRES,","year":"1995","journal-title":"The American Economic Review"},{"key":"2019091011555106800_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.2307\/2555829","article-title":"Estimating discrete-choice models of product differentiation\u201d","volume":"25","author":"BERRY,","year":"1994","journal-title":"The RAND Journal of Economics"},{"key":"2019091011555106800_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.3982\/ECTA9027","article-title":"Identification in Differentiated Products Markets Using Market Level Data\u201d","volume":"82","author":"BERRY,","year":"2014","journal-title":"Econometrica"},{"key":"2019091011555106800_B6","first-page":"1","article-title":"Tracing the Woes: An Empirical Analysis of the Airline Industry\u201d","volume":"2","author":"BERRY,","year":"2010","journal-title":"American Economic Journal: Microeconomics"},{"key":"2019091011555106800_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.2307\/2171802","article-title":"Automobile Prices in Market Equilibrium\u201d","volume":"63","author":"BERRY,","year":"1995","journal-title":"Econometrica"},{"key":"2019091011555106800_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1756-2171.2009.00093.x","article-title":"Inference on Vertical Contracts between Manufacturers and Retailers Allowing for Nonlinear Pricing and Resale Price Maintenance\u201d","volume":"41","author":"BONNET,","year":"2010","journal-title":"The Rand Journal of Economics"},{"key":"2019091011555106800_B9","volume-title":"Foundations of Mathematical Economics","author":"CARTER,","year":"2001"},{"key":"2019091011555106800_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1111\/joie.12125","article-title":"Who Loses When Prices Are Negotiated? 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