{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T03:03:08Z","timestamp":1793329388836,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,7]],"date-time":"2018-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1544140800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Agency for Health and Consumers"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000810","name":"EAHC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2011 1202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2011 1202"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000810","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The European initiative Single Hub and Access point for paediatric Rheumatology in Europe (SHARE) aimed to optimize care for children with rheumatic diseases. Systemic vasculitides are very rare in children. Consequently, despite recent advances, paediatric-specific information is sparse. The lack of evidence-based recommendations is an important, unmet need. This study aimed to provide recommendations for diagnosing and treating children with rare forms of childhood systemic vasculitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Recommendations were developed by a consensus process in accordance with the European League Against Rheumatism standard operating procedures. A systematic literature review informed the recommendations, which were devised and evaluated by a panel of experts via an online survey, and two consensus meetings using nominal group technique. Recommendations were accepted when \u2a7e 80% of experts agreed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ninety-three relevant articles were found, and 78 recommendations were accepted in the two consensus meetings. General, cross-cutting recommendations and disease-specific statements regarding the diagnosis and treatment of childhood-onset PAN, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, microscopic polyangiitis, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, and Takayasu arteritis are provided.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These Single Hub and Access point for paediatric Rheumatology in Europe recommendations were formulated through an evidence-based consensus process to support uniform, high-quality standard of care for children with rare forms of paediatric systemic vasculitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/key322","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,11]],"date-time":"2018-10-11T23:14:51Z","timestamp":1539299691000},"page":"656-671","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":102,"title":["European consensus-based recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of rare paediatric vasculitides \u2013 the SHARE initiative"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Nienke","family":"de Graeff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Wilhelmina Children\u2019s Hospital, Utrecht"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4711-0472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noortje","family":"Groot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Wilhelmina Children\u2019s Hospital, Utrecht"},{"name":"Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Brogan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond St Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seza","family":"Ozen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tadej","family":"Avcin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, University Children's Hospital Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brigitte","family":"Bader-Meunier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Necker Hospital, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pavla","family":"Dolezalova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian M","family":"Feldman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Kone-Paut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Bic\u00eatre University Hospital, APHP, University of Paris Sud, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pekka","family":"Lahdenne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen D","family":"Marks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond St Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liza","family":"McCann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clarissa","family":"Pilkington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond St Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelo","family":"Ravelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Gaslini Children's Hospital, Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annet","family":"van Royen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Wilhelmina Children\u2019s Hospital, Utrecht"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yosef","family":"Uziel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Tel Aviv University, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bas","family":"Vastert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Wilhelmina Children\u2019s Hospital, Utrecht"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nico","family":"Wulffraat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Wilhelmina Children\u2019s Hospital, Utrecht"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvia","family":"Kamphuis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5400-9911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael W","family":"Beresford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool"},{"name":"Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i94","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfu393","article-title":"Vasculitis in children","volume":"30(Suppl 1)","author":"Eleftheriou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2005.046300","article-title":"EULAR\/PReS endorsed consensus criteria for the classification of childhood vasculitides","volume":"65","author":"Ozen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.116657","article-title":"EULAR\/PRINTO\/PRES criteria for Henoch-Sch\u00f6nlein purpura, childhood polyarteritis nodosa, childhood Wegener granulomatosis and childhood Takayasu arteritis: ankara 2008. Part II: final classification criteria","volume":"69","author":"Ozen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1191\/096120398678920064","article-title":"Childhood vasculitis","volume":"7","author":"Dillon","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)11279-7","article-title":"Incidence of Henoch-Sch\u00f6nlein purpura, Kawasaki disease, and rare vasculitides in children of different ethnic origins","volume":"360","author":"Gardner-Medwin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/1546-0096-11-5","article-title":"Time to share","volume":"11","author":"Wulffraat","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Rheumatol Online J"},{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-206844","article-title":"Evidence-based recommendations for genetic diagnosis of familial Mediterranean fever","volume":"74","author":"Giancane","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-211001","article-title":"European evidence-based recommendations for diagnosis and treatment of paediatric antiphospholipid syndrome: the SHARE initiative","volume":"76","author":"Groot","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1788","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-210960","article-title":"European evidence-based recommendations for diagnosis and treatment of childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus: the SHARE initiative","volume":"76","author":"Groot","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1636","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2015-207546","article-title":"Recommendations for the management of autoinflammatory diseases","volume":"74","author":"ter Haar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-209247","article-title":"Consensus-based recommendations for the management of juvenile dermatomyositis","volume":"76","author":"Enders","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2004.023697","article-title":"EULAR standardised operating procedures for the elaboration, evaluation, dissemination, and implementation of recommendations endorsed by the EULAR standing committees","volume":"63","author":"Dougados","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2012.09.012","article-title":"Validation of search filters for identifying pediatric studies in PubMed","volume":"162","author":"Leclercq","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3310\/hta8250","article-title":"Development and validation of methods for assessing the quality of diagnostic accuracy studies","volume":"8","author":"Whiting","year":"2004","journal-title":"Health Technology Assess"},{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B15","author":"Green","year":"2015"},{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2006.055251","article-title":"EULAR evidence based recommendations for gout. Part I: diagnosis. Report of a task force of the Standing Committee for International Clinical Studies Including Therapeutics (ESCISIT)","volume":"65","author":"Zhang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2006.055269","article-title":"EULAR evidence based recommendations for gout. Part II: management. Report of a task force of the EULAR Standing Committee for International Clinical Studies Including Therapeutics (ESCISIT)","volume":"65","author":"Zhang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-172X.2012.02017.x","article-title":"Nominal group technique: an effective method for obtaining group consensus","volume":"18","author":"Harvey","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Pract"},{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1628","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-202111","article-title":"Disease activity assessment in childhood vasculitis: development and preliminary validation of the Paediatric Vasculitis Activity Score (PVAS)","volume":"72","author":"Dolezalova","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-015-0545-1","article-title":"Takayasu arteritis in childhood: retrospective experience from a tertiary referral centre in the United Kingdom","volume":"17","author":"Eleftheriou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3413","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24876","article-title":"Classification, presentation, and initial treatment of Wegener\u2019s granulomatosis in childhood","volume":"60","author":"Cabral","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/art.37715","article-title":"2012 revised international chapel hill consensus conference nomenclature of vasculitides","volume":"65","author":"Jennette","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22774","article-title":"Clinical features and outcome of pediatric Wegener\u2019s granulomatosis","volume":"57","author":"Akikusa","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-002-0914-2","article-title":"Clinical features in 17 paediatric patients with Wegener granulomatosis","volume":"17","author":"Belostotsky","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i104","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfv011","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and outcomes of childhood-onset ANCA-associated vasculitis: a French nationwide study","volume":"30(Suppl 1)","author":"Sacri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01972971","article-title":"Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in childhood systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"154","author":"Wong","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/1546-0096-12-18","article-title":"Clinical features of childhood granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener\u2019s granulomatosis)","volume":"12","author":"Bohm","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr Rheumatol"},{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2017.140","article-title":"Position paper: revised 2017 international consensus on testing of ANCAs in granulomatosis with polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis","volume":"13","author":"Bossuyt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.79.3.246","article-title":"Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in Wegener\u2019s granulomatosis","volume":"79","author":"Wong","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/111.4.507","article-title":"International consensus statement on testing and reporting of Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies (ANCA)","volume":"111","author":"Savige","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1309\/WAEPADW0K4LPUHFN","article-title":"Addendum to the International Consensus Statement on testing and reporting of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies. Quality control guidelines, comments, and recommendations for testing in other autoimmune diseases","volume":"120","author":"Savige","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200012)13:6<424::AID-ART14>3.0.CO;2-Q","article-title":"Test characteristics of immunofluorescence and ELISA tests in 856 consecutive patients with possible ANCA-associated conditions","volume":"13","author":"Stone","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.22793","article-title":"Lung manifestations in MPO-ANCA associated vasculitides in children","volume":"49","author":"Ben Ameur","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-147-9-200711060-00005","article-title":"Antiproteinase 3 antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies and disease activity in Wegener granulomatosis","volume":"147","author":"Finkielman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1700","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39637","article-title":"Factors determining the clinical utility of serial measurements of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies targeting proteinase 3","volume":"68","author":"Fussner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2013111233","article-title":"ANCA as a predictor of relapse: useful in patients with renal involvement but not in patients with nonrenal disease","volume":"26","author":"Kemna","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kew029","article-title":"Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis in childhood: retrospective experience from a tertiary referral centre in the UK","volume":"55","author":"Eleftheriou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2008.05.004","article-title":"Churg-Strauss syndrome in childhood: a systematic literature review and clinical comparison with adult patients","volume":"39","author":"Zwerina","year":"2009","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.120808","article-title":"Childhood-onset eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly Churg-Strauss syndrome): a contemporary single-center cohort","volume":"40","author":"Gendelman","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"P8","DOI":"10.1186\/1546-0096-13-S1-P8","article-title":"Monogenic polyarteritis nodosa caused by ADA2 Deficiency: the GOSH experience","volume":"13","author":"Nanthapisal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatr Rheumatol Online J"},{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s12969-016-0082-8","article-title":"Therapeutic advances in the treatment of vasculitis","volume":"14","author":"Eleftheriou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatr Rheumatol Online J"},{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2476","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38024","article-title":"Systemic polyarteritis nodosa in the young: a single-center experience over thirty-two years","volume":"65","author":"Eleftheriou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780310907","article-title":"The diagnosis of polyarteritis nodosa. II. Empirical verification of a decision analysis model","volume":"31","author":"Albert","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-002-0823-4","article-title":"Renal angiography in children with polyarteritis nodosa","volume":"17","author":"Brogan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatric Nephrol"},{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-016-3440-5","article-title":"Childhood polyarteritis nodosa: diagnosis with non-invasive imaging techniques","volume":"36","author":"\u00d6z\u00e7akar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-005-0012-0","article-title":"Polyarteritis nodosa: successful diagnostic imaging utilizing pulsed and color Doppler ultrasonography and computed tomography angiography","volume":"165","author":"Ozcakar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1097\/00003072-199903000-00020","article-title":"Tc-99m DMSA renal scan in polyarteritis nodosa with bilateral intraparenchymal renal artery aneurysms","volume":"24","author":"Basoglu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Nucl Med"},{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2009.03591.x","article-title":"Investigation of childhood central nervous system vasculitis: magnetic resonance angiography versus catheter cerebral angiography","volume":"52","author":"Eleftheriou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B49","first-page":"192","article-title":"MR imaging and angiography of primary CNS vasculitis of childhood","volume":"27","author":"Aviv","year":"2006","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2159","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21144","article-title":"Angiography-negative primary central nervous system vasculitis in children: a newly recognized inflammatory central nervous system disease","volume":"52","author":"Benseler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22075","article-title":"Brain biopsy in children with primary small-vessel central nervous system vasculitis","volume":"68","author":"Elbers","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5273(97)00119-8","article-title":"Cardiac involvement in childhood polyarteritis nodosa","volume":"60","author":"Gunal","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ket274","article-title":"Disease assessment in Takayasu\u2019s arteritis","volume":"52","author":"Direskeneli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2008.088351","article-title":"EULAR recommendations for the management of large vessel vasculitis","volume":"68","author":"Mukhtyar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2012.07.005","article-title":"The role of multimodality imaging in the evaluation of Takayasu arteritis","volume":"42","author":"Mavrogeni","year":"2013","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-006-0212-2","article-title":"Childhood vasculitis and plasma exchange","volume":"166","author":"Wright","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0120981","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0120981","article-title":"Elicitation of expert prior opinion: application to the MYPAN trial in childhood polyarteritis nodosa","volume":"10","author":"Hampson","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-150-10-200905190-00004","article-title":"Pulse versus daily oral cyclophosphamide for induction of remission in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis: a randomized trial","volume":"150","author":"de Groot","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2011-200477","article-title":"Pulse versus daily oral cyclophosphamide for induction of remission in ANCA-associated vasculitis: long-term follow-up","volume":"71","author":"Harper","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2016.07.030","article-title":"Review of advances in uroprotective agents for cyclophosphamide- and ifosfamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis","volume":"100","author":"Matz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-014-2897-1","article-title":"Fertility preservation in patients receiving cyclophosphamide therapy for renal disease","volume":"30","author":"Gajjar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2306","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ket445","article-title":"BSR and BHPR guideline for the management of adults with ANCA-associated vasculitis","volume":"53","author":"Ntatsaki","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1771","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1404231","article-title":"Rituximab versus azathioprine for maintenance in ANCA-associated vasculitis","volume":"371","author":"Guillevin","year":"2014","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kep148","article-title":"Biologic therapy in primary systemic vasculitis of the young","volume":"48","author":"Eleftheriou","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-209133","article-title":"EULAR\/ERA-EDTA recommendations for the management of ANCA-associated vasculitis","volume":"75","author":"Yates","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1864","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2011.04434.x","article-title":"Thromboembolic disease in systemic vasculitis is associated with enhanced microparticle-mediated thrombin generation","volume":"9","author":"Eleftheriou","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/37.2.228","article-title":"Successful treatment of gangrene in systemic necrotizing vasculitis with iloprost","volume":"37","author":"Zulian","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2008.088096","article-title":"EULAR recommendations for the management of primary small and medium vessel vasculitis","volume":"68","author":"Mukhtyar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199607043350103","article-title":"Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (co-trimoxazole) for the prevention of relapses of Wegener\u2019s granulomatosis. Dutch Co-Trimoxazole Wegener Study Group","volume":"335","author":"Stegeman","year":"1996","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-015-3049-y","article-title":"Impact of revascularization on hypertension in children with Takayasu\u2019s arteritis-induced renal artery stenosis: a 21-year review","volume":"30","author":"Ladapo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2013-305886","article-title":"Angioplasty for renovascular hypertension in 78 children","volume":"100","author":"Kari","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-2642","article-title":"Angioplasty for renovascular hypertension in children: 20-year experience","volume":"118","author":"Shroff","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfp537","article-title":"Results of surgical treatment for renovascular hypertension in children: 30 year single centre experience","volume":"25","author":"Stadermann","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.04.049","article-title":"Treatment of Takayasu\u2019s arteritis with tumor necrosis factor antagonists","volume":"153","author":"Filocamo","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ket320","article-title":"Management of Takayasu arteritis: a systematic review","volume":"53","author":"Keser","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000343","article-title":"Takayasu arteritis: an update","volume":"29","author":"Seyahi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-014-2506-5","article-title":"Two Takayasu arteritis patients successfully treated with rituximab","volume":"33","author":"Caltran","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000004","article-title":"Recent advances in the medical management of Takayasu arteritis: an update on use of biologic therapies","volume":"26","author":"Clifford","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1097\/RHU.0b013e31829ce750","article-title":"Takayasu arteritis presenting in the context of active tuberculosis: a pediatric case","volume":"19","author":"Walters","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0b013e32835b133a","article-title":"New treatment strategies in large-vessel vasculitis","volume":"25","author":"Unizony","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/406963","article-title":"Remission achieved in refractory advanced takayasu arteritis using rituximab","volume":"2012","author":"Ernst","year":"2012","journal-title":"Case Rep Rheumatol"},{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2011.153007","article-title":"Takayasu arteritis is characterised by disturbances of B cell homeostasis and responds to B cell depletion therapy with rituximab","volume":"71","author":"Hoyer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2019081609503268200_key322-B83","first-page":"1","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines for glomerulonephritis","volume":"2","year":"2012","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl"}],"container-title":["Rheumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/rheumatology\/article-pdf\/58\/4\/656\/28719845\/key322.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T19:37:05Z","timestamp":1775245025000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/rheumatology\/article\/58\/4\/656\/5232680"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,7]]},"references-count":83,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/rheumatology\/key322","relation":{},"ISSN":["1462-0324","1462-0332"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1462-0324","type":"print"},{"value":"1462-0332","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,7]]}}}