{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T07:29:29Z","timestamp":1778311769199,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Radon is the main pollutant of indoor air, being considered a primary cause of lung cancer, especially in non-smokers. In 2013, European legislation required the standardization of regulations on radon exposure in member states using EC Directive 59\/2013 EURATOM. The directive establishes basic safety rules for protection against the dangers represented by the exposure to ionizing radiation. Directive 59\/2013 mandates each European country to establish a national action plan to reduce the risks of lung cancer attributed to radon in the general population and exposed workers. Romania is a European country with almost 20 million citizens, with over half of population living in urban locations. Most urban buildings in Romania are high-rise structures (4\u201310 floors), having many residential units. In this paper, we present results of season-dependent measurements of radon concentration and ventilation rates in high-rise apartment buildings and show the influence of ventilation on indoor radon levels. Indoor radon concentrations varied between 70 and 168\u00a0Bq\u00a0m\u22123 in winter and 17\u201330\u00a0Bq\u00a0m\u22123 in summer, being higher than the respective outdoor concentrations by 2\u20135 times in winter and 1\u20134 times in summer. Ventilation rates varied with season and were influenced by meteorological conditions at the time of measurements. Findings indicate that levels of indoor radon concentration depend on ventilation rates of the unit, but also on building materials, wind speed around building, time of day (higher around noon) and season of the year (higher in the cold season when ventilation rate is lower).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/rpd\/ncac047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,16]],"date-time":"2022-03-16T20:11:31Z","timestamp":1647461491000},"page":"290-298","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["THE IMPACT OF VENTILATION RATE ON RADON CONCENTRATION INSIDE HIGH-RISE APARTMENT BUILDINGS"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"198","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6639-7408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina","family":"Cucu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclearelectrica National Society, Pitesti Nuclear Fuel Plant Subsidiary, Mioveni, Arges County 115400, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Energy Production and Use, Politehnica University of Bucharest, Bucharest RO-060042, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Dupleac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Energy Production and Use, Politehnica University of Bucharest, Bucharest RO-060042, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022042612462085100_ref1","volume-title":"Protection against radon-222 at home and at work (vol. 23)","author":"ICRP","year":"1993"},{"key":"2022042612462085100_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85e92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2004.05.012","article-title":"Radon and thoron monitoring in the environment of Kumaun Himalayas: survey and outcomes","volume":"79","author":"Ramola","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Environ. Radioact."},{"key":"2022042612462085100_ref3","volume-title":"Air and Radiation Report EPA 402-R-03e003","author":"Environmental Protection Agency","year":"2003"},{"key":"2022042612462085100_ref4"},{"key":"2022042612462085100_ref5","volume-title":"Sources and effects of ionizing radiation. Report to the general assembly, with scientific annexes","author":"UNSCEAR","year":"2000"},{"issue":"6","key":"2022042612462085100_ref6","first-page":"735","article-title":"Radon exhalation from five wood species, in publication J. Korean","volume":"46","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Wood Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2022042612462085100_ref7","article-title":"Researchgate: exhalation rate of radon-222 from concrete and cement mortar","volume":"63","author":"Perna","journal-title":"Nukleonika"},{"key":"2022042612462085100_ref8","article-title":"Researchgate: effect of grain size on the radon exhalation rate and emanation coefficient of soil, phosphate and building material samples","volume":"4","author":"Harb","journal-title":"Journal of Nuclear and Particle Physics"},{"key":"2022042612462085100_ref9","volume-title":"U.S. Library of Congress. Archived from the original on 23 September 2006","author":"Romania: Climate"},{"key":"2022042612462085100_ref10","volume-title":"CliC International Project Office (CIPO)","author":"Permafrost Monitoring and Prediction in Southern Carpathians, Romania","year":"22  2004"},{"key":"2022042612462085100_ref11","volume-title":"Natural Ventilation Principles Continuing Education and Development, Inc","author":"HVAC"},{"key":"2022042612462085100_ref12"},{"key":"2022042612462085100_ref13"},{"key":"2022042612462085100_ref14"},{"key":"2022042612462085100_ref15","volume-title":"Evaluation of radon resources and phosphate slag in Butte, Montana, Montana Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, U.S. EPA Contract No. 68-01-6100","author":"Lloyd","year":"1983"},{"key":"2022042612462085100_ref16","article-title":"Influence of ventilation on indoor radon level","volume":"32","author":"Chao","year":"1997","journal-title":"Build. Eviron."}],"container-title":["Radiation Protection Dosimetry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/rpd\/article-pdf\/198\/5\/290\/43460944\/ncac047.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/rpd\/article-pdf\/198\/5\/290\/43460944\/ncac047.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,26]],"date-time":"2022-04-26T13:41:54Z","timestamp":1650980514000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/rpd\/article\/198\/5\/290\/6562779"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,26]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/rpd\/ncac047","relation":{},"ISSN":["0144-8420","1742-3406"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0144-8420","type":"print"},{"value":"1742-3406","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}}}