{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T22:58:43Z","timestamp":1788303523060,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007229","name":"Special Research Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007229","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>New measurement methods and equipment for correct 5G New Radio (NR) electromagnetic field (EMF) in-situ exposure assessment of instantaneous time-averaged exposure (Eavg) and maximum extrapolated field exposure (Emax) are proposed. The different options are investigated with in-situ measurements around 5G NR base stations (FR1) in different countries. The maximum electric field values satisfy the ICNIRP 2020 limit (maximum 7.7%). The difference between Emax and Eavg is &amp;lt;3\u00a0dB for the different measurement equipment at multiple sites in case there is only self-generated traffic. However, in a more realistic scenario, Eavg cannot be used to assess the exposure correctly due to influence of other users as the spatial distribution of user equipment (UE) influences Eavg, while Emax is not affected. However, when multiple UEs are collocated, there is no influence of the number of UEs. A broadband measurement can give a first impression of the RF-EMF exposure up to 700\u00a0m, but is not enough to assess the 5G-NR exposure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/rpd\/ncac061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,14]],"date-time":"2022-04-14T11:14:39Z","timestamp":1649934879000},"page":"358-369","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["<i>IN-SITU<\/i> 5G NR BASE STATION EXPOSURE OF THE GENERAL PUBLIC: COMPARISON OF ASSESSMENT METHODS"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"198","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1954-6738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenneth","family":"Deprez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Technology, Ghent University\/IMEC, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 126, Ghent B-9052, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leen","family":"Verloock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Technology, Ghent University\/IMEC, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 126, Ghent B-9052, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Loek","family":"Colussi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiocommunications Agency, Postbus 450, 9700 AL Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sam","family":"Aerts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Technology, Ghent University\/IMEC, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 126, Ghent B-9052, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Van den Bossche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Technology, Ghent University\/IMEC, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 126, Ghent B-9052, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos","family":"Kamer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiocommunications Agency, Postbus 450, 9700 AL Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Bolte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Smart Sensor Systems group, Faculty of Technology, Innovation, and Society, The Hague University of Applied Sciences, Rotterdamseweg 137, 2628 AL Delft, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luc","family":"Martens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Technology, Ghent University\/IMEC, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 126, Ghent B-9052, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Plets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Technology, Ghent University\/IMEC, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 126, Ghent B-9052, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wout","family":"Joseph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Technology, Ghent University\/IMEC, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 126, Ghent B-9052, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022051714561643900_ref1","volume-title":"Technical Specifications (TS) Series 38","author":"3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)"},{"issue":"00","key":"2022051714561643900_ref2","first-page":"000","article-title":"Guidelines for limiting exposure to electromagnetic fields (100 kHz to 300 GHz)","volume":"118","author":"International Commission on Non-ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). 2020","year":"2020","journal-title":"Health Phys."},{"key":"2022051714561643900_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","article-title":"IEEE standard for safety levels with respect to human exposure to electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic fields, 0 Hz to 300 GHz","author":"IEEE C95.1-2019","DOI":"10.1109\/IEEESTD.2019.8859679"},{"issue":"21","key":"2022051714561643900_ref4","article-title":"Ray-tracing-based numerical assessment of the spatiotemporal duty cycle of 5G massive MIMO in an outdoor urban environment","volume":"10","author":"Shikhantsov","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. 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