{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T12:07:28Z","timestamp":1753877248690,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]],"date-time":"2022-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Patient dose during diagnostic radiography procedures primarily depends on the entrance surface dose (ESD) and the exposure area. The purpose of this study was to determine ESD for five common diagnostic X-ray examinations using dose area product and X-ray tube output. The ESDs were estimated in a sample of 340 patients using normalised X-ray output from Philips\u2013PrimaryDiagnost digital X-ray machine equipped with digital flat panel scintillator detector. The resultant mean ESDs for chest postero-anterior\/lateral, lumbar spine antero-posterior (AP)\/lateral and abdomen AP were 0.49, 2.00, 5.74, 12.79 and 4.62\u00a0mGy, respectively. The mean and third quartile ESD values of this study were significantly higher than the values found in the literature. This can be attributed to the lower tube potential (kVp) values and the higher tube current\u2013time products (mAs). The methodology used here is a better option for low-resources countries for routine dose monitoring.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/rpd\/ncac177","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]],"date-time":"2022-08-29T21:38:39Z","timestamp":1661809119000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Determination of Entrance Surface dose for Three Common Planar Diagnostic X-Ray Examinations"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2896-3768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeyasingam","family":"Jeyasugiththan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Science, Faculty of Science, University of Colombo , Colombo 03 , Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G P N T","family":"Ehalagasthanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Science, Faculty of Science, University of Colombo , Colombo 03 , Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Urshella","family":"Hishaam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Science, Faculty of Science, University of Colombo , Colombo 03 , Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0269-2659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D M","family":"Satharasinghe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Science, Faculty of Science, University of Colombo , Colombo 03 , Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2022082921382901200_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S6","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2016.31.S1.S6","article-title":"General principles of radiation protection in fields of diagnostic medical exposure","volume":"31","author":"Do","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Korean Med. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022082921382901200_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1120\/jacmp.v17i1.5860","article-title":"Patient dose measurement in common medical X-ray examinations in Iran","volume":"17","author":"Rasuli","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Appl. Clin. Med. Phys."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022082921382901200_ref3","first-page":"29","article-title":"Entrance surface dose measurements for routine X-ray examinations in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari hospitals Iran","volume":"4","author":"Shahbazi-Gahrouei","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Radiat. 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Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022082921382901200_ref7","first-page":"21","article-title":"Application of dose area product compared with three other diametric quantities used to estimate patient effective dose in diagnostic radiology","volume":"4","author":"Toosi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Iran J. Radiat. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022082921382901200_ref8","first-page":"1","article-title":"Measurements of entrance surface dose and effective dose of patients in diagnostic radiography","volume":"12","author":"Rahman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed. J. Sci. Tech. Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022082921382901200_ref9","first-page":"7","article-title":"Dose reference levels in radiography for the most common examinations in Sudan","volume":"11","author":"Abukhiar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sudan J. Med. 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