{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T05:05:12Z","timestamp":1788498312994,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,4]],"date-time":"2023-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>A wide variety of modern technologies make use of radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic energy (EME) to provide convenient functions and services to users. The rise in the use of RF EME-enabled devices has led to public perception of increasing exposures and concerns about potential health effects. During March and April 2022, the Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency conducted an intensive campaign to measure and characterise ambient RF EME levels within the Melbourne metropolitan area. Fifty locations across the city were visited, and a wide variety of signals in the frequency range 100\u00a0kHz to 6\u00a0GHz were detected and recorded including broadcast radio and television (TV), Wi-Fi and mobile telecommunications services. The highest measured total RF EME level was 2.85\u00a0mW\/m2, which is equivalent to 0.14% of the relevant limit specified by the Australian Standard (RPS S-1). The results showed that broadcast radio signals were the largest contributor to measured RF EME levels at 30 locations across the suburbs, whereas downlink signals from mobile phone towers were the main contributor at the other 20 sites. Broadcast TV and Wi-Fi were the only other sources found to contribute more than 1% of the total RF EME exposure recorded at any site. All measured RF EME levels were well below the permitted limit for general public exposure given by RPS S-1 and therefore do not present a health hazard.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/rpd\/ncad056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,4]],"date-time":"2023-03-04T12:27:24Z","timestamp":1677932844000},"page":"519-526","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A SURVEY OF THE RADIOFREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY ENVIRONMENT IN MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"199","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9147-5727","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stuart","family":"Henderson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency , 619 Lower Plenty Road, Yallambie, VIC 3085 , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chhavi","family":"Bhatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency , 619 Lower Plenty Road, Yallambie, VIC 3085 , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Loughran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency , 619 Lower Plenty Road, Yallambie, VIC 3085 , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023041910485970900_ref1","volume-title":"Electromagnetic energy (EME) near 5G mobile base stations","author":"Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA)","year":"2021"},{"key":"2023041910485970900_ref2","volume-title":"Electromagnetic fields measurements \u2013 5G networks in technical trials","author":"Autoridade Nacional de Comunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Portugal (ANACOM)","year":"2021"},{"key":"2023041910485970900_ref3","volume-title":"Assessment of the exposure of the general public to 5G electromagnetic waves. Part 2: First measurement results on 5G pilots in the 3,400\u20133,800 MHz band","author":"Agence National des Fr\u00e9quences (ANFR)","year":"2020"},{"key":"2023041910485970900_ref4","volume-title":"Assessment of the exposure of the general public to 5G electromagnetic waves","author":"Malta Communications Authority (MCA)","year":"2021"},{"key":"2023041910485970900_ref5","volume-title":"Electromagnetic Field (EMF)Measurements near 5GMobile Phone Base Stations","author":"The Office of Communications, UK (Ofcom)"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023041910485970900_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1093\/rpd\/ncac061","article-title":"In-situ 5G NR base station exposure of the general public: comparison of assessment methods","volume":"198","author":"Deprez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Radiat. Prot. 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