{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T12:02:01Z","timestamp":1773662521932,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,26]],"date-time":"2023-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687737600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the effect of bladder volume on the dosimetry of pelvic organs at risk (OARs) in patients treated with external beam radiation therapy. Twenty patients with locally advanced cervical cancer were selected. Two computed tomography-simulation scans were obtained, one with an empty bladder followed by one with a full bladder. The acquired images were transferred to the treatment planning system. Target and OARs were contoured in both images, and treatment plans were performed for each computed tomography image. The delivered doses to target and OARs were determined using dose\u2013volume histograms. The mean dose of the bowel bag in the empty and full bladder were 35.06\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04.13 (Gy) and 31.59\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.86 (Gy), respectively. Furthermore, the V45 of the bowel bag in the empty bladder was 364.27\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0154.39 (cc) and in the full bladder, it was 240.84\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0129.66 (cc). The mean dose of the rectum in the empty and full bladder were 49.50\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.95 (Gy) and 49.18\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.03 (Gy), respectively. The rectal V50 (%) was 52.82\u00a0\u00b1\u00a021.84 (%) in the empty bladder and 45.49\u00a0\u00b1\u00a029.55 (%) in the full bladder. The mean dose and V45 of the bowel bag, also V50 of the rectum, had significantly decreased in the full bladder status (p-value\u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a00.05). The results showed that the bladder volume significantly affected the delivered dose to the bowel bag and rectum. The average bowel bag V45 and rectum V50 in the full bladder were significantly decreased. Bladder distention is an effective method to improve the dosimetric parameters of pelvic OARs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/rpd\/ncad183","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,27]],"date-time":"2023-06-27T09:44:06Z","timestamp":1687859046000},"page":"1351-1356","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Dosimetric impact of bladder volume on organs at risk during external beam radiotherapy of cervical cancer"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"199","author":[{"given":"Niloofar","family":"Mohamadian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, , Pardis-e-daneshgah, Vakil Abad Blvd, Mashhad 147789378 , Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shahrokh","family":"Nasseri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, , Pardis-e-daneshgah, Vakil Abad Blvd, Mashhad 147789378 , Iran"},{"name":"Department of Medical Physics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Pardis-e-daneshgah, Vakil Abad Blvd, Mashhad 147789378 , Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sare","family":"Hosseini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Pardis-e-daneshgah, Vakil Abad Blvd, Mashhad 147789378 , Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Molaie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Pardis-e-daneshgah, Vakil Abad Blvd, Mashhad 147789378 , Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shiva","family":"Zarifi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Department of Radiation Oncology, , Pardis-e-daneshgah, Vakil Abad Blvd, Mashhad 147789378 , Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Azam","family":"Eskandari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, , Pardis-e-daneshgah, Vakil Abad Blvd, Mashhad 147789378 , Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1509-0446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehdi","family":"Momennezhad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, , Pardis-e-daneshgah, Vakil Abad Blvd, Mashhad 147789378 , Iran"},{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Pardis-e-daneshgah, Vakil Abad Blvd, Mashhad 147789378 , Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023080913340198900_ref1","article-title":"History of surgical treatment for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia","volume-title":"Journal of gynecologic surgery","author":"Lee","year":"2021"},{"key":"2023080913340198900_ref2","article-title":"The MD Anderson manual of medical oncology: Univerza v Ljubljani","author":"Kantarjian","year":"2011","journal-title":"Medicinska fakulteta"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023080913340198900_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-018-9408-9","article-title":"Effect of probiotics for the prevention of acute radiation-induced diarrhoea among cervical cancer patients: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study","volume":"11","author":"Linn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins"},{"key":"2023080913340198900_ref4","first-page":"7171","article-title":"Impact of bladder volume on treatment planning and clinical outcomes of radiotherapy for patients with cervical cancer","volume-title":"Cancer management and research","author":"Ma","year":"2019"},{"key":"2023080913340198900_ref5","first-page":"300","article-title":"Role of belly board device in the age of intensity modulated radiotherapy for pelvic irradiation","volume-title":"Cancer management and research","author":"Estabrook","year":"2016"},{"key":"2023080913340198900_ref6","first-page":"102","article-title":"The impact of daily bladder filling on small bowel dose for intensity modulated radiation therapy for cervical cancer","volume-title":"Cancer management and research","author":"Chen","year":"2019"},{"key":"2023080913340198900_ref7","first-page":"94","article-title":"Effects of bladder status on cervical cancer treatment with intensity-modulated radiation therapy plans","volume-title":"Cancer management and research","author":"Ye","year":"2017"},{"key":"2023080913340198900_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-05726-2","article-title":"Target volume delineation for conformal and intensity-modulated radiation therapy","author":"Lee","year":"2015"},{"key":"2023080913340198900_ref9","first-page":"577","article-title":"Collapsed cone convolution of radiant energy for photon dose calculation in heterogeneous media","volume-title":"Cancer management and research","author":"AJMp","year":"1989"},{"key":"2023080913340198900_ref10","first-page":"109","article-title":"Tolerance of normal tissue to therapeutic irradiation","volume-title":"Cancer management and research","author":"Emami","year":"1991"},{"key":"2023080913340198900_ref11","first-page":"217","article-title":"A systematic review of acute and late toxicity of concomitant chemoradiation for cervical cancer","volume-title":"Cancer management and research","author":"Kirwan","year":"2003"},{"key":"2023080913340198900_ref12","first-page":"1","article-title":"Dosimetric impact of variable bladder filling on IMRT planning for locally advanced carcinoma cervix","volume-title":"Cancer management and research","author":"Dutta","year":"2020"},{"key":"2023080913340198900_ref13","first-page":"189","article-title":"Dosimetric comparison between intensity modulated radiotherapy and three dimensional conformal radiotherapy planning in patients with locally advanced cervical carcinoma","volume-title":"Cancer management and research","author":"Naik","year":"2016"},{"key":"2023080913340198900_ref14","first-page":"1599","article-title":"Comparison of dose volume histograms of gastrointestinal tract and its toxicity in carcinoma cervix patients treated with 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy versus intensity modulated radiotherapy","volume-title":"Cancer management and 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