{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T00:01:23Z","timestamp":1783296083264,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]],"date-time":"2024-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710374400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51567015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51567015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51867014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51867014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62361035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62361035"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Department of Education of Gansu Province","award":["2023A-034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023A-034"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>When the popular means of transportation\u2014high-speed trains meet the increasing rate of pacemaker implantation year by year, the research on the magnetic field environment on the health of pacemaker wearers in the carriage becomes an urgent problem. In this work, models of an electric multiple unit carriage with a pantograph as well as passengers with pacemakers were built by using COMSOL Multiphysics software. The B, Ein and Jin of human heart and other tissues, and the induced voltage (Vin) at the pacemaker electrode were calculated under the pantograph operating condition, so as to assess the effect of its magnetic field on the health of pacemaker wearers. The results showed that Bmax in the carriage without passengers is 121.246 \u03bcT, occurs near the window. In the carriage, the Bmax, Ein max and Jin max of heart and body, Vin at the pacemaker electrode of the passenger next to the window are greater than that in the middle of the carriage. The Bmax, Ein max and Jin max of passengers\u2019 heart are 11.301\u03bcT, 1.613\u00a0mV\/m and 139.030\u00a0\u03bcA\/m2, respectively. The Bmax, Ein max and Jin max of passengers\u2019 body are 12.597\u03bcT, 0.788\u00a0mV\/m and 75.299\u00a0\u03bcA\/m2, respectively. The maximum value of Vin at the tip of the pacemaker electrode of the passengers\u2019 is 0.048\u00a0mV. The Bmax, Ein max in all tissues of passengers are much smaller than the basic limits of electromagnetic exposure to the public set by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation. Vin at the electrode tip of passengers\u2019 pacemakers are less than the perception sensitivity set by the International Organization for Standardization. This work illustrated that the magnetic field generated by the pantograph is within the recognized accepted limits for passengers with pacemakers, but we still recommended that passengers wearing pacemakers should stay as far away from windows as possible.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/rpd\/ncae057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,15]],"date-time":"2024-03-15T06:27:50Z","timestamp":1710484070000},"page":"588-597","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Research on the influence of power frequency magnetic field of pantograph on pacemaker wearers\u2019 health in high-speed EMU"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"200","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0793-387X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Tian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Technology and Intelligent Control , Ministry of Education, , No. 88 Anning West Road, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070 , China"},{"name":"Lanzhou Jiaotong University , Ministry of Education, , No. 88 Anning West Road, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9981-9493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei-Xuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Technology and Intelligent Control , Ministry of Education, , No. 88 Anning West Road, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070 , China"},{"name":"Lanzhou Jiaotong University , Ministry of Education, , No. 88 Anning West Road, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7192-9771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mai","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Technology and Intelligent Control , Ministry of Education, , No. 88 Anning West Road, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070 , China"},{"name":"Lanzhou Jiaotong University , Ministry of Education, , No. 88 Anning West Road, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Railway First Survey and Design Institute Group Co., Ltd , No. 131, Hezheng Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu Province , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia-Qi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Technology and Intelligent Control , Ministry of Education, , No. 88 Anning West Road, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070 , China"},{"name":"Lanzhou Jiaotong University , Ministry of Education, , No. 88 Anning West Road, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024042206063199500_ref1","first-page":"372","article-title":"Analysis of electromagnetic compatibility standards for active implantable cardiac devices","volume":"42","author":"He","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chin J Med Instrumentation."},{"key":"2024042206063199500_ref2","article-title":"China has built the world's largest high-speed railway network","volume":"003","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Beijing Daily"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024042206063199500_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1097\/HP.0b013e3181f06c86","article-title":"Guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric and magnetic fields (1 Hz to 100 kHz)","volume":"99","author":"ICNIRP","year":"2010","journal-title":"Health Phys."},{"key":"2024042206063199500_ref4","article-title":"Standard for safety levels with respect to human exposure to electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic fields, 0Hz to 300 GHz","author":"IEEE C95.1-2019","year":"2019","journal-title":"C95.1\u20132019"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024042206063199500_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2008.08540.x","article-title":"Extremely low frequency electromagnetic field enhances human keratinocyte cell growth and decreases proinflammatory chemokine production","volume":"158","author":"Vianale","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brit J Dermatol."},{"issue":"12","key":"2024042206063199500_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.3109\/09553002.2015.1101648","article-title":"Extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields affect proliferation and mitochondrial activity of human cancer cell lines","volume":"91","author":"Destefanis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. 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