{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T22:02:36Z","timestamp":1770156156340,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747785600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Scientific Research Fund of the China Institute for Radiation Protection"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>This study aimed to explore the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of monoenergetic neutrons and the interactions of mixed radiation by investigating the biological effects of neutron, 137Cs \u03b3-ray, and neutron\u2013\u03b3-ray mixed radiations on chromosomal aberrations in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Human peripheral blood lymphocytes were treated with neutrons from the Intensive Deuterium and Tritium Neutron Source Science Facility and a gamma source from the 137Cs \u03b3-ray source of the Chinese Academy of Sciences for follow-up experimental results. The chromosomal aberrations were analyzed in lymphocytes exposed to neutron, 137Cs \u03b3-ray, and mixed radiations, and the RBE values of neutron radiation were calculated. The statistical distribution of chromosomal aberrations was tested using the dispersion index and Mann\u2013Whitney Utest for all doses to conform to a Poisson distribution. The \u03c72test was used to compare the yields of dicentric and centromeric rings among different radiation groups and evaluate the goodness of fit of the dose\u2013response curve. We used the ztest to evaluate the significance of the equation coefficients. The RBE for 10 dicentrics per 100 cells was 2.8 for neutron radiation. For 20 dicentrics per 100 cells, the respective value was 2.05. The yields of dicentric and centromeric rings significantly increased in the mixed radiation group compared with the 137Cs \u03b3-ray group at the dose of 0.7\u00a0Gy. The considerations of the dose dependence of RBE and the intercellular interactions were indispensable for the precise estimation of the biological effect of neutron treatment on tumors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/rpd\/ncaf056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T11:50:17Z","timestamp":1747828217000},"page":"613-621","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effects of neutron, \u03b3-ray, and neutron\u2013\u03b3-ray mixed radiations on chromosomal aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes of two males"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"201","author":[{"given":"Zhongxin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"China Institute for Radiation Protection , No. 102, Xuefu Street, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province 030006 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5977-3145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiamei","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Institute for Radiation Protection , No. 102, Xuefu Street, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province 030006 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qianqian","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Institute for Radiation Protection , No. 102, Xuefu Street, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province 030006 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruifeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Institute for Radiation Protection , No. 102, Xuefu Street, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province 030006 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2006-2503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuhong","family":"Dang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Institute for Radiation Protection , No. 102, Xuefu Street, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province 030006 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoming","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Institute for Radiation Protection , No. 102, Xuefu Street, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province 030006 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6071-0539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yayi","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Institute for Radiation Protection , No. 102, Xuefu Street, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province 030006 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongyan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Institute for Radiation Protection , No. 102, Xuefu Street, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province 030006 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Institute for Radiation Protection , No. 102, Xuefu Street, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province 030006 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Biao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Institute for Radiation Protection , No. 102, Xuefu Street, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province 030006 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhikai","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Institute for Radiation Protection , No. 102, Xuefu Street, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province 030006 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025062623275230100_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radphyschem.2024.111621","article-title":"Radiation protection aspects in the design of a boron neutron capture therapy irradiation room","volume":"218","author":"Magni","year":"2024","journal-title":"Radiat Phys Chem"},{"key":"2025062623275230100_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radphyschem.2024.112105","article-title":"Investigation of gamma-ray and neutron protection competence of oxyfluoride aluminosilicate glasses reinforced with TbF3: comparative study","volume":"224","author":"Al-Ghamdi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Radiat Phys Chem"},{"key":"2025062623275230100_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111686","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radphyschem.2024.111686","article-title":"Novel 3D-printed lead-free radiation protection apron in the medical x-ray and thermal neutron energy range","volume":"219","author":"Ogul","year":"2024","journal-title":"Radiat Phys Chem"},{"key":"2025062623275230100_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102040","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmt.2023.102040","article-title":"Synergistic effects of polymaleic acid and di(dioctylpyrophosphato) ethylene titanate on B4C modification in highly filled polymer fibers for improved neutron protection safety and wear comfort of articles","volume":"36","author":"Ling-Cheng Meng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl Mat Today"},{"key":"2025062623275230100_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1093\/rpd\/ncv458","article-title":"Secondary neutron doses in a proton therapy centre","volume":"170","author":"De Saint-Hubert","year":"2016","journal-title":"Radiat Prot Dosim"},{"key":"2025062623275230100_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-4487(00)00159-1","article-title":"Neutron measurements onboard the space shuttle","volume":"33","author":"Badhwar","year":"2001","journal-title":"Radiat Meas"},{"key":"2025062623275230100_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.01537","article-title":"Clinical radiobiology of fast neutron therapy: what was learnt?","volume":"10","author":"Jones","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"2025062623275230100_ref8","volume-title":"Cytogenetic Dosimetry: Applications in Preparedness for and Response to Radiation Emergencies","author":"International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)","year":"2011"},{"key":"2025062623275230100_ref9","first-page":"105","volume-title":"Cytogenetic Analysis for Radiation Dose Assessment: A Manual. Technical Report Series No. 405","author":"International Atomic Energy Agency","year":"2001"},{"key":"2025062623275230100_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/s00411-014-0577-y","article-title":"The effectiveness of the high-LET radiations from the boron neutron capture [10B (n, \u03b1) 7Li] reaction determined for induction of chromosome aberrations and apoptosis in lymphocytes of human blood samples","volume":"54","author":"Schmid","year":"2015","journal-title":"Radiat Environ Biophys"},{"key":"2025062623275230100_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.3109\/09553002.2015.1047986","article-title":"Relative biological effectiveness of radon: an in vitrostudy using chromosome aberrations as a biomarker","volume":"91","author":"Meenakshi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Biol"},{"key":"2025062623275230100_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1088\/0952-4746\/32\/3\/261","article-title":"Chromosomal aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes exposed to a mixed radiation of low energy neutrons and gamma radiation","volume":"32","author":"Wojcik","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Radiol Prot"},{"key":"2025062623275230100_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/s00411-018-0771-4","article-title":"Production and distribution of chromosome aberrations in human lymphocytes by particle radiations with different LET","volume":"58","author":"Kowalska","year":"2019","journal-title":"Radiat Environ Biophys"},{"key":"2025062623275230100_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asr.2012.05.007","article-title":"Production and distribution of aberrations in resting or cycling human lymphocytes following Fe-ion or Cr-ion radiation: emphasis on single track effects","volume":"50","author":"Deperas-Standy\u0142o","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv Space Res"},{"key":"2025062623275230100_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e98947","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0098947","article-title":"Neutron exposures in human cells: bystander effect and relative biological effectiveness","volume":"9","author":"Seth","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025062623275230100_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1667\/RADE-20-00213.1","article-title":"Neutron radiobiology and dosimetry","volume":"195","author":"Stricklin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiat Res"},{"key":"2025062623275230100_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1667\/RR15528.2","article-title":"Relative biological effectiveness and non-Poissonian distribution of dicentric chromosome aberrations following Californium-252 neutron exposures of human peripheral blood lymphocytes","volume":"195","author":"Paterson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiat Res"},{"key":"2025062623275230100_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s00411-003-0200-0","article-title":"RBE of nearly monoenergetic neutrons at energies of 36 keV\u201314.6 MeV for induction of dicentrics in human lymphocytes","volume":"42","author":"Schmid","year":"2003","journal-title":"Radiat Environ Biophys"},{"key":"2025062623275230100_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599194","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2020.599194","article-title":"Establishing a reference dose-response calibration curve for dicentric chromosome aberrations to assess accidental radiation exposure in Saudi Arabia","volume":"8","author":"Alsbeih","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"2025062623275230100_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1097\/01.HP.0000200339.91550.6b","article-title":"Relative biological effectiveness of 280 keV neutrons for apoptosis in human lymphocytes","volume":"91","author":"Ryan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Health Phys"},{"key":"2025062623275230100_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1667\/RR2589.1","article-title":"Detrimental effect of fast neutrons on cultured immature rat hippocampal cells: relative biological effectiveness of in vitrocell death indices","volume":"176","author":"Yang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Radiat Res"},{"key":"2025062623275230100_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1080\/09553002.2021.1900945","article-title":"Dose-effect relationships of 12C6+ ions-induced dicentric plus ring chromosomes, micronucleus and nucleoplasmic bridges in human lymphocytes in vitro","volume":"97","author":"Cai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Biol"},{"key":"2025062623275230100_ref23","first-page":"98","article-title":"Medical radiobiology","author":"Liu","year":"2006","journal-title":"At Energy"},{"key":"2025062623275230100_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2015.02.017","article-title":"Role of the MAPK pathway in the observed bystander effect in lymphocytes co-cultured with macrophages irradiated with \u03b3-rays or carbon ions","volume":"127","author":"Dong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"2025062623275230100_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.12775\/JEHS.2022.12.01.008","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of fenfluramine in the treatment of Dravet syndrome\u2014literature review","volume":"12","author":"Stefaniak","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Educ Health Sport"},{"key":"2025062623275230100_ref26","volume-title":"Study on the effects of low dose rate 60Co\u03b3\/neutron radiation on the rats","author":"Mo","year":"2012"},{"key":"2025062623275230100_ref27","first-page":"431","article-title":"Changes in cellularity, CFU-S number and chromosome aberrations in bone marrow and blood of rats after neutron and continuous gamma irradiation","volume":"30","author":"Brezani","year":"1989","journal-title":"Radiobiol Radiother"},{"key":"2025062623275230100_ref28","volume-title":"Radiation-Biological Dose Estimation","author":"Jin","year":"2002"},{"key":"2025062623275230100_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1134\/S1607672921030017","article-title":"Combined effect of neutron and proton radiations on the growth of solid Ehrlich ascites carcinoma and remote effects in mice","volume":"498","author":"Balakin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dokl Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"2025062623275230100_ref30","first-page":"1","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of specific cellular DNA damage response and repair induced by the mixed radiation field during boron neutron capture therapy","volume":"11","author":"Kamila","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"2025062623275230100_ref31","first-page":"671","article-title":"Influence of sex on cytogenetic end points: evidence from a large human sample and review of the literature","volume":"4","author":"Bonassi","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"2025062623275230100_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radmeas.2011.05.002","article-title":"Influence of age and gender in response to \u03b3-radiation in Portuguese individuals using chromosomal aberration assay\u2014preliminary findings","volume":"46","author":"Martins","journal-title":"Radiat Meas"}],"container-title":["Radiation Protection Dosimetry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/rpd\/article-pdf\/201\/9\/613\/63261952\/ncaf056.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/rpd\/article-pdf\/201\/9\/613\/63261952\/ncaf056.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T03:27:59Z","timestamp":1750994879000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/rpd\/article\/201\/9\/613\/8139840"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/rpd\/ncaf056","relation":{},"ISSN":["0144-8420","1742-3406"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0144-8420","type":"print"},{"value":"1742-3406","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]]}}}