{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T08:00:14Z","timestamp":1783411214030,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate radiation exposure reduction in patients and physicians with an equalization filter (EF) in percutaneous coronary intervention. An anthropomorphic phantom was placed on the examination table in the interventional fluoroscopy system. An ionization chamber was attached to the X-ray tube to measure the X-ray output. A solid-state survey meter was placed at the physician\u2019s position. EF positions were defined as \u2018Shallow\u2019, \u2018Deep\u2019, \u2018Both\u2019, \u2018Right\u2019, and \u2018Left\u2019. The X-ray output and H*(10) with and without EFs were measured at 80\u2013160\u00a0cm increments of 20\u00a0cm with 10 C-arm angulations. The air kerma was almost identical with and without EFs. The EF reduced kerma-area product and H*(10) by a maximum of 27.4%. The average H*(10) reduction of \u2018Deep\u2019 was larger than that of \u2018Shallow\u2019 in order of \u2018Both\u2019\u00a0&amp;gt;\u00a0\u2018Left\u2019\u00a0&amp;gt;\u00a0\u2018Right\u2019. EFs contribute to reducing patient and physician exposure while maintaining X-ray output.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/rpd\/ncaf062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]],"date-time":"2025-06-06T19:02:06Z","timestamp":1749236526000},"page":"672-682","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Radiation exposure reduction using an equalization filter during percutaneous coronary intervention: a preliminary study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"201","author":[{"given":"Nao","family":"Ichikawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Health Science, Kobe Tokiwa University , 2-6-2 Otani-cho, Nagata-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 653-0838 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Fukuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiological Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Fukushima Medical University, 10-6 Sakaemachi , Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1295 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takuma","family":"Hayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Shiga General Hospital , 5-4-30 Moriyama, Moriyama, Shiga 524-0022 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yosuke","family":"Hattori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Shiga General Hospital , 5-4-30 Moriyama, Moriyama, Shiga 524-0022 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kosuke","family":"Matsubara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Quantum Medical Technology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University , 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-0942 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025062606022940600_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1952","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.01.064","article-title":"The aging cardiovascular system: understanding it at the cellular and clinical levels","volume":"69","author":"Francesco","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2025062606022940600_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2014.26","article-title":"Epidemiological studies of CHD and the evolution of preventive cardiology","volume":"11","author":"Nathan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"2025062606022940600_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.326.7398.1080","article-title":"ABC of interventional cardiology: percutaneous coronary intervention I: history and development","volume":"326","author":"Grech","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2025062606022940600_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1820","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1909406","article-title":"Five-year outcomes after PCI or CABG for left main coronary disease","volume":"381","author":"Stone","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025062606022940600_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2021.06.048","article-title":"Trends in the outcomes of high-risk percutaneous ventricular assist device-assisted percutaneous coronary intervention, 2008\u20132018","volume":"156","author":"Lemor","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2025062606022940600_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1097\/01.HP.0000334210.85567.7b","article-title":"Radiation injury is potentially a severe consequence of fluoroscopically guided complex interventions","volume":"95","author":"Wagner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Health Phys"},{"key":"2025062606022940600_ref7","volume-title":"Avoidance of serious X-ray induced skin injuries to patients during fluoroscopically guided procedures","author":"Food","year":"1994"},{"key":"2025062606022940600_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/S0146-6453(00)00026-9","article-title":"Avoidance of radiation injuries from medical interventional procedures","volume":"30","author":"Valentin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann ICRP"},{"key":"2025062606022940600_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1159\/000342458","article-title":"Radiation-induced eye lens changes and risk for cataract in interventional cardiology","volume":"123","author":"Ciraj-Bjelac","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cardiology"},{"key":"2025062606022940600_ref10","first-page":"1","article-title":"The 2007 recommendations of the international commission on radiological protection. 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