{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T23:03:52Z","timestamp":1789686232094,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Education, Science, Technology and Innovation of Republic of Kosovo"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The increasing exposure to low-frequency electromagnetic fields has raised significant concerns regarding its potential effects on human health and the environment. At the same time, it has spurred growing interest in identifying low-exposure scenarios to support green and sustainable objectives. This study presents the results of in situ measurements of magnetic flux density across various exposure scenarios. Measurements were also conducted at close distances from different photovoltaic panels to summarize magnetic flux density exposure levels. Additionally, the study includes the measurement of magnetic flux density at various locations within electric, mild hybrid, and hybrid vehicles. To our knowledge, this is the first time such measurements have been reported for the region of Kosovo, providing initial valuable data for assessing exposure levels for both the general population and workers. The results offer a basis for comparative studies with other countries, contributing to the global understanding of electromagnetic field exposure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/rpd\/ncag104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T11:35:06Z","timestamp":1787052906000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Low-frequency magnetic flux density levels in various exposure scenarios: a measurement-based study"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Jeta","family":"Dobruna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Telecommunications , Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Prishtina, Agim Ramadani Street, Prishtina 10000, Kosovo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9252-3655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mimoza","family":"Ibrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Telecommunications , Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Prishtina, Agim Ramadani Street, Prishtina 10000, Kosovo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H\u00ebna","family":"Maloku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Telecommunications , Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Prishtina, Agim Ramadani Street, Prishtina 10000, Kosovo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zana","family":"Limani Fazliu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Telecommunications , Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Prishtina, Agim Ramadani Street, Prishtina 10000, Kosovo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026091718241181000_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1109\/JERM.2023.3268555","article-title":"Extremely low frequency electric and magnetic fields exposure: survey of recent findings","volume":"7","author":"Bonato","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE J Electromagn RF Microw Med Biol"},{"key":"2026091718241181000_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph13090875","article-title":"Review of studies concerning electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure assessment in europe: low frequency fields (50 Hz\u2013100 kHz)","volume":"13","author":"Gaj\u0161ek","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"2026091718241181000_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11276-016-1215-1","article-title":"Narrowband frequency-selective up-link and down-link evaluation of daily personal-exposure induced by wireless operating networks","volume":"23","author":"Ibrani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Wirel Netw"},{"key":"2026091718241181000_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aeue.2016.03.007","article-title":"Assessment of personal radio frequency electromagnetic field exposure in specific indoor workplaces and possible worst-case scenarios","volume":"70","author":"Ibrani","year":"2016","journal-title":"AEU Int J Electron Commun"},{"key":"2026091718241181000_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-map.2017.0859","article-title":"Comparative analysis of personal exposure levels induced by long-term evolution 1800 Re-farming and other RF sources in an urban environment","volume":"12","author":"Hamiti","year":"2018","journal-title":"IET Microw Antennas Propag"},{"key":"2026091718241181000_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1093\/rpd\/ncae045","article-title":"Evaluating radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure in confined spaces: a systematic review of recent studies and future directions","volume":"200","author":"Ashraf","year":"2024","journal-title":"Radiat Prot Dosim"},{"key":"2026091718241181000_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/s004110000068","article-title":"Extremely low frequency magnetic fields in residences in Germany. 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