{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T18:06:33Z","timestamp":1788977193393,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Occupational radiation exposure remains a critical concern in interventional cardiology, particularly regarding brain and ocular protection. This study evaluates the protective efficacy of a 0.12 mmPb leaded acrylic full-face shield through a series of comprehensive in vivo dose measurements conducted on a primary cardiologist during real-time fluoroscopy procedures. The cardiologist was equipped with a tight-fitting elastic mask where 29 small pockets were distributed across the head, housing 29 thermoluminescent dosemeters (TLD) calibrated in Hp(0.07). Two series of measurements were conducted: the first using the leaded acrylic face shield without protective glasses, and the second without the leaded face shield and with protective glasses. The Dose Reduction Factors (DRFs) for the different superficial head areas, calculated as the ratio of Hp(0.07) with and without the leaded face shield, depended on the measurement point as expected and ranged between 0.32 and 0.57, where the lower value was for the frontal lobe. Regarding dose reduction measured around the eye orbit, a DRF of 0.10 and 0.35 was achieved for the right and left sides, respectively, indicating a significant level of protection of the ocular area.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/rpd\/ncag109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T11:37:47Z","timestamp":1788521867000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Spatial distribution of X-ray attenuation in a full-face shield: a multipoint\n                    <i>in vivo<\/i>\n                    study in interventional cardiology"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7374-3804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Faustino","family":"Bonutti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Physics Department, University Hospital, Udine , Piazzale S. Maria della Misericordia n. 15, 33100 Udine,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Favaretto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interventional Cardiology , Division of Cardiology, University Hospital, Udine, Piazzale S. Maria della Misericordia n. 15, 33100 Udine,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Gisel Garcia","family":"Alvarado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Master of Medical Physics, Trieste University , Piazzale Europa 1 34127 Trieste,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronica","family":"Rosso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Physics Department, University Hospital, Udine , Piazzale S. Maria della Misericordia n. 15, 33100 Udine,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Bassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Physics Department, University Hospital, Udine , Piazzale S. Maria della Misericordia n. 15, 33100 Udine,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serena","family":"D\u2019Agostini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroradiology Department, Udine University Hospital , Piazzale S. Maria della Misericordia n. 15, 33100 Udine,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugenia","family":"Moretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Physics Department, University Hospital, Udine , Piazzale S. Maria della Misericordia n. 15, 33100 Udine,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090913151151800_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.4244\/eijv7i9a172","article-title":"Brain tumours among interventional cardiologists: a cause for alarm? Report of four new cases from two cities and a review of the literature","volume":"7","author":"Roguin","year":"2012","journal-title":"EuroIntervention"},{"key":"2026090913151151800_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2012.12.060","article-title":"Brain and neck tumors among physicians performing interventional procedures","volume":"111","author":"Roguin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026090913151151800_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"vi304","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartjsupp\/suag063","article-title":"Occupational hazards in cardiac catheterization laboratories: radiation and beyond-ANMCO position paper update 2026","volume":"28","author":"Luc\u00e0","year":"2026","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Suppl"},{"key":"2026090913151151800_ref4","volume-title":"ICRP Statement on Tissue Reactions\/Early and Late Effects of Radiation in Normal Tissues and Organs\u2014Threshold Doses for Tissue Reactions in a Radiation Protection Context","author":"ICRP","year":"2012"},{"key":"2026090913151151800_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1159\/000342458","article-title":"Radiation-induced eye lens changes and risk for cataract in interventional cardiology","volume":"123","author":"Ciraj-Bjelac","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cardiology"},{"key":"2026090913151151800_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1843","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2012.04.124","article-title":"Interventional cardiologists and risk of radiation-induced cataract: results of a French multicenter observational study","volume":"167","author":"Jacob","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"2026090913151151800_ref7","volume-title":"The 2007 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection","year":"2008"},{"key":"2026090913151151800_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering9080354","article-title":"Development 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interventions","volume":"7","author":"Larsson","year":"2024","journal-title":"CVIR Endovasc"},{"key":"2026090913151151800_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2047","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2021.11.067","article-title":"Disposable, lightweight shield decreases operator eye and brain radiation dose when attached to safety eyewear during fluoroscopically guided interventions","volume":"75","author":"Kirkwood","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"2026090913151151800_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42077","DOI":"10.1038\/srep42077","article-title":"Operator radiation and the efficacy of ceiling-suspended lead screen shielding during coronary angiography: an anthropomorphic phantom study using real-time dosimeters","author":"Jia","year":"2017"},{"key":"2026090913151151800_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13131","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182413131","article-title":"Radiation protection in interventional radiology\/cardiology\u2014is 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