{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T03:18:12Z","timestamp":1791429492863,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,27]],"date-time":"2020-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593216000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31872783"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31872783"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["71942001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["71942001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Basic Research Project of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission","award":["19JC1410101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19JC1410101"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Social interactive learning denotes the ability to acquire new information from a conspecific\u2014a prerequisite for cultural evolution and survival. As inspired by recent neurophysiological research, here we tested whether social interactive learning can be augmented by exogenously synchronizing oscillatory brain activity across an instructor and a learner engaged in a naturalistic song-learning task. We used a dual brain stimulation protocol entailing the trans-cranial delivery of synchronized electric currents in two individuals simultaneously. When we stimulated inferior frontal brain regions, with 6\u00a0Hz alternating currents being in-phase between the instructor and the learner, the dyad exhibited spontaneous and synchronized body movement. Remarkably, this stimulation also led to enhanced learning performance. These effects were both phase- and frequency-specific: 6\u00a0Hz anti-phase stimulation or 10\u00a0Hz in-phase stimulation, did not yield comparable results. Furthermore, a mediation analysis disclosed that interpersonal movement synchrony acted as a partial mediator of the effect of dual brain stimulation on learning performance, i.e. possibly facilitating the effect of dual brain stimulation on learning. Our results provide a causal demonstration that inter-brain synchronization is a sufficient condition to improve real-time information transfer between pairs of individuals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsaa080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,10]],"date-time":"2020-06-10T07:31:06Z","timestamp":1591774266000},"page":"210-221","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":96,"title":["Dual brain stimulation enhances interpersonal learning through spontaneous movement synchrony"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yafeng","family":"Pan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, Institute of Brain and Education Innovation, East China Normal University, 200062 Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit (UR2NF), Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giacomo","family":"Novembre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 00161 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Parmacology, University College London, WC1E 6BT London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bei","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, Institute of Brain and Education Innovation, East China Normal University, 200062 Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Department of Musicology, Harbin Conservatory of Music, 150070 Heilongjiang, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, Institute of Brain and Education Innovation, East China Normal University, 200062 Shanghai, 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