{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T03:02:44Z","timestamp":1790737364362,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":116,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,5]],"date-time":"2020-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596585600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The use of brain stimulation approaches in social and affective science has greatly increased over the last two decades. The interest in social factors has grown along with technological advances in brain research. Transcranial electric stimulation (tES) is a research tool that allows scientists to establish contributory causality between brain functioning and social behaviour, therefore deepening our understanding of the social mind. Preliminary evidence is also starting to demonstrate that tES, either alone or in combination with pharmacological or behavioural interventions, can alleviate the symptomatology of individuals with affective or social cognition disorders. This review offers an overview of the application of tES in the field of social and affective neuroscience. We discuss the issues and challenges related to this application and suggest an avenue for future basic and translational research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsaa099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,5]],"date-time":"2020-08-05T11:40:57Z","timestamp":1596627657000},"page":"4-14","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Transcranial electric stimulation as a neural interface to gain insight on human brain functions: current knowledge and future perspective"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Giulia","family":"Galli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Kingston University, Kingston Upon Thames KT1 2EE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Miniussi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Mind\/Brain Sciences\u2014CIMeC, University of Trento, Rovereto, TN 38068, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Concetta","family":"Pellicciari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unicamillus, Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Via di Sant\u2019Alessandro 8, 00131 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"2022022406091201800_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e913","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2016.197","article-title":"Modulation of fear extinction processes using transcranial electrical stimulation","volume":"6","author":"Abend","year":"2016","journal-title":"Translational Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"2022022406091201800_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12787","article-title":"Modulating emotional experience using electrical stimulation of the medial-prefrontal cortex: a preliminary tDCS-fMRI study","volume":"22","author":"Abend","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"2022022406091201800_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41219","DOI":"10.1038\/srep41219","article-title":"Gender differences in cognitive theory of mind revealed by transcranial direct current stimulation on medial prefrontal cortex","volume":"24","author":"Adenzato","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"100","key":"2022022406091201800_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.11.037","article-title":"Polarity-specific effects of motor transcranial direct current stimulation on fMRI resting state networks","volume":"88","author":"Amadi","year":"2014","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"8","key":"2022022406091201800_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3750","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22434","article-title":"Transcranial electrical stimulation modifies the neuronal response to psychosocial stress exposure","volume":"35","author":"Antal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Human Brain Mapping"},{"issue":"9","key":"2022022406091201800_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1774","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2017.06.001","article-title":"Low intensity transcranial electric stimulation: safety, ethical, legal regulatory and application guidelines","volume":"128","author":"Antal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clinical Neurophysiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022022406091201800_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1037\/1089-2680.8.4.291","article-title":"Sex differences in aggression in real-world settings: a meta-analytic review","volume":"8","author":"Archer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Review of General Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022022406091201800_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JADD.0000022607.19833.00","article-title":"The empathy quotient: an investigation of adults with Asperger syndrome or high functioning autism, and normal sex differences","volume":"34","author":"Baron-Cohen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"issue":"9","key":"2022022406091201800_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsy069","article-title":"Does transcranial direct current stimulation to the prefrontal cortex affect social behavior? 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