{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T09:12:48Z","timestamp":1791277968917,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,5]],"date-time":"2020-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604534400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZIAMH002798"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZIAMH002798"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>One of the hallmarks of anxiety disorders is impaired cognitive control, affecting working memory (WM). The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) is critical for WM; however, it is still unclear how dlPFC activity relates to WM impairments in patients. Forty-one healthy volunteers and 32 anxiety (general and\/or social anxiety disorder) patients completed the Sternberg WM paradigm during safety and unpredictable shock threat. On each trial, a series of letters was presented, followed by brief retention and response intervals. On low- and high-load trials, subjects retained the series (five and eight letters, respectively) in the original order, while on sort trials, subjects rearranged the series (five letters) in alphabetical order. We sampled the blood oxygenation level\u2013dependent activity during retention using a bilateral anatomical dlPFC mask. Compared to controls, patients showed increased reaction time during high-load trials, greater right dlPFC activity and reduced dlPFC activity during threat. These results suggest that WM performance for patients and controls may rely on distinct patterns of dlPFC activity with patients requiring bilateral dlPFC activity. These results are consistent with reduced efficiency of WM in anxiety patients. This reduced efficiency may be due to an inefficient allocation of dlPFC resources across hemispheres or a decreased overall dlPFC capacity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsaa146","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,22]],"date-time":"2020-10-22T23:26:53Z","timestamp":1603409213000},"page":"1288-1298","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Patients with anxiety disorders rely on bilateral dlPFC activation during verbal working memory"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8565-1544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas L","family":"Balderston","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section on Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, National Institute of Mental Health National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA"},{"name":"Center for Neuromodulation in Depression and Stress Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Flook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section on Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, National Institute of Mental Health National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abigail","family":"Hsiung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section on Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, National Institute of Mental Health National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section on Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, National Institute of Mental Health National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Thongarong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section on Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, National Institute of Mental Health National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Stahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section on Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, National Institute of Mental Health National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0035-5795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Walid","family":"Makhoul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neuromodulation in Depression and Stress Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yvette","family":"Sheline","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neuromodulation in Depression and Stress Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monique","family":"Ernst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section on Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, National Institute of Mental Health National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Grillon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section on Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, National Institute of Mental Health National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021031809193171600_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2006.08.002","article-title":"Dissociating the effects of Sternberg working memory demands in prefrontal cortex","volume":"154","author":"Altamura","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"key":"2021031809193171600_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/840416","article-title":"Prefrontal cortex modulation during anticipation of working memory demands as revealed by magnetoencephalography","volume":"2010","author":"Altamura","year":"2010","journal-title":"International Journal of Biomedical Imaging"},{"key":"2021031809193171600_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0210824","article-title":"I\u2019m going to fail! 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