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The neural mechanisms underpinning this association have remained unclear. Here, we investigated whether volumetric changes in three stress-sensitive regions\u2014the amygdala, hippocampus and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)\u2014mediate the association between childhood trauma and emotion recognition in a healthy participant sample (N\u2009=\u2009112) and a clinical sample of patients with schizophrenia (N\u2009=\u200946). Direct effects of childhood trauma, specifically physical neglect, on Emotion Recognition Task were observed in the whole sample. In healthy participants, reduced total and left ACC volumes were observed to fully mediate the association between both physical neglect and total childhood trauma score, and emotion recognition. No mediating effects of the hippocampus and amygdala volumes were observed for either group. These results suggest that reduced ACC volume may represent part of the mechanism by which early life adversity results in poorer social cognitive function. Confirmation of the causal basis of this association would highlight the importance of resilience-building interventions to mitigate the detrimental effects of childhood trauma on brain structure and function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsaa160","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,26]],"date-time":"2020-11-26T20:11:37Z","timestamp":1606421497000},"page":"1325-1339","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Childhood trauma, brain structure and emotion recognition in patients with schizophrenia and healthy participants"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Karolina I","family":"Rokita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland"},{"name":"Centre for Neuroimaging, Cognition & Genomics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurena","family":"Holleran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland"},{"name":"Centre for Neuroimaging, Cognition & Genomics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria R","family":"Dauvermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland"},{"name":"Centre for Neuroimaging, Cognition & Genomics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland"},{"name":"Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02135, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Mothersill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland"},{"name":"Centre for Neuroimaging, Cognition & Genomics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland"},{"name":"School of Business, National College of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Holland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland"},{"name":"Centre for Neuroimaging, Cognition & Genomics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Costello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Neuroimaging, Cognition & Genomics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ru\u00e1n","family":"Kane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Declan","family":"McKernan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derek W","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Neuroimaging, Cognition & Genomics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John P","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aiden","family":"Corvin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James\u2019s Hospital, Dublin, 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