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Previous research has showed that interpersonal relationship plays a pivotal role in social comparison. In the current study, we investigated whether the manipulation of context-based relationship would affect participants\u2019 comparison of self-outcome and other-outcome. Participants first finished a trust game with likeable (dislikeable) partner and then they were involved in a gambling task and observed the outcomes for themselves and for partners. According to self-reports, participants were more satisfied with likeable partner\u2019s gains than losses only when they received gains, but they were always more satisfied with dislikeable player\u2019s losses compared to gains. Event-related potentials including the feedback-related negativity (FRN), P3 and late positive component (LPC) were sensitive to context-based relationship. Specifically, the prediction error signal (indexed by the FRN) was largest when participants received losses but dislikeable player received gains. Meanwhile, the P3 indicates that participants had stronger motivation to outperform dislikeable player. Finally, the LPC was larger when participants received the same outcomes with dislikeable players. In general, our results support the key point of the self-evaluation maintenance model that personal closeness modulates subjective sensitivity when drawing a comparison of one\u2019s outcomes with other\u2019s outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsaa167","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,27]],"date-time":"2021-01-27T12:44:31Z","timestamp":1611751471000},"page":"439-452","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Context-based interpersonal relationship modulates social comparison between outcomes: an event-related potential study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Huoyin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Cognitive Science, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518061, China"},{"name":"Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive 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