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However, results from randomized controlled trials are inconsistent. The current meta-analysis aimed to assess the effects of anodal and cathodal tDCS using single-session protocols on prosocial behaviors in healthy young adults and explore potential moderators of these effects. The results showed that compared with sham stimulation, anodal (excitatory) stimulation significantly increased (g\u2009=\u20090.27, 95% CI [0.11, 0.43], Z\u2009=\u20093.30, P\u2009=\u20090.001) and cathodal (inhibitory) stimulation significantly decreased prosocial behaviors (g\u2009=\u2009\u22120.19, 95% CI [\u22120.39, \u22120.01], Z\u2009=\u2009\u22121.95, P\u2009=\u20090.051) using a multilevel meta-analytic model. These effects were not significantly modulated by stimulation parameters (e.g. duration, intensity and site) and types of prosocial behavior. The risk of publication bias for the included effects was minimal, and no selective reporting (e.g. P-hacking) was found in the P-curve analysis. This meta-analysis showed that both anodal and cathodal tDCS have small but significant effects on prosocial behaviors. The current study provides evidence that prosocial behaviors are linked to the activity of the \u2018social brain\u2019. Future studies are encouraged to further explore whether tDCS could effectively treat social dysfunctions in psychiatry disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsab067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,23]],"date-time":"2021-05-23T11:07:04Z","timestamp":1621768024000},"page":"26-42","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["tDCS effect on prosocial behavior: a meta-analytic review"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Bo","family":"Yuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Ningbo University, Zhejiang 315211, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0740-7893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serenella","family":"Tolomeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore 117570, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4995-7300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chunliang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875,China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Ningbo University, Zhejiang 315211,China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0123-1524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rongjun","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Management, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077,China"},{"name":"Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China"},{"name":"Department of Physics, Hong Kong Baptist UniversityHong Kong 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