{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T15:13:11Z","timestamp":1790089991129,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,27]],"date-time":"2021-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630022400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007214","name":"Velux Stiftung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["981"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["981"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007214","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SO 1636\/2-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SO 1636\/2-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Grants 100019_176016 and 100014_165884 and 320030_"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grants 100019_176016 and 100014_165884 and 320030_"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Motivation is a hallmark of healthy aging, but the motivation to engage in effortful behavior diminishes with increasing age. Most neurobiological accounts of altered motivation in older adults assume that these deficits are caused by a gradual decline in brain tissue, while some psychological theories posit a switch from gain orientation to loss avoidance in motivational goals. Here, we contribute to reconcile the psychological and neural perspectives by providing evidence that the frontopolar cortex (FPC), a brain region involved in cost\u2013benefit weighting, increasingly underpins effort avoidance rather than engagement with age. Using anodal transcranial direct current stimulation together with effort\u2013reward trade-offs, we find that the FPC\u2019s function in effort-based decisions remains focused on cost\u2013benefit calculations but appears to switch from reward-seeking to cost avoidance with increasing age. This is further evidenced by the exploratory, independent analysis of structural brain changes, showing that the relationship between the density of the frontopolar neural tissue and the willingness to exert effort differs in young vs older adults. Our results inform aging-related models of decision-making by providing preliminary evidence that, in addition to cortical thinning, changes in goal orientation need to be considered in order to understand alterations in decision-making over the life span.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsab101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,27]],"date-time":"2021-08-27T22:41:12Z","timestamp":1630104072000},"page":"398-407","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Reconciling psychological and neuroscientific accounts of reduced motivation in aging"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8438-7721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Soutschek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich 80802, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Baga\u00efni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel 4055, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0260-2772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Todd A","family":"Hare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zurich Center for Neuroeconomics, University of Zurich, Zurich 8006, Switzerland"},{"name":"Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Zurich 8006, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe N","family":"Tobler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zurich Center for Neuroeconomics, University of Zurich, Zurich 8006, Switzerland"},{"name":"Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Zurich 8006, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2022040110054415600_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01","article-title":"Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4","volume":"67","author":"Bates","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Statistical Software"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022040110054415600_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbt091","article-title":"Aging, empathy, and prosociality","volume":"70","author":"Beadle","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Journals of Gerontology. 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