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Research has recognized the role of the right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ) in social cognition; however, there is less direct causal evidence for its involvement in empathic responses to pain, which is typically attributed to simulation mechanisms. Given the rTPJ\u2019s role in processing false beliefs and contextual information during social scenarios, we hypothesized that empathic responses to another person\u2019s pain depend on the rTPJ if participants are given information about people\u2019s intentions, engaging mentalizing mechanisms alongside simulative ones. Participants viewed videos of an actress freely showing or suppressing pain caused by an electric shock while receiving 6\u2009Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over the rTPJ or sham vertex stimulation. Active rTMS had no significant effect on participants\u2019 ratings depending on the pain expression, although participants rated the actress\u2019s pain as lower during rTPJ perturbation. In contrast, rTMS accelerated response times for providing ratings during pain suppression. We also found that participants perceived the actress\u2019s pain as more intense when they knew she would suppress it rather than show it. These results suggest an involvement of the rTPJ in attributing pain to others and provide new insights into people\u2019s behavior in judging others\u2019 pain when it is concealed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsae057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]],"date-time":"2024-09-06T00:27:57Z","timestamp":1725582477000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Cognitive control: exploring the causal role of the rTPJ in empathy for pain mediated by contextual information"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1331-6683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena","family":"Hartmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Brain Lab, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Art and Sciences , Amsterdam 1105 BA, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Neurology and Center for Translational and Behavioral Neurosciences, University 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