{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T15:39:18Z","timestamp":1781969958730,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,7]],"date-time":"2016-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1478476800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":348,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["oxfordjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsv142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,27]],"date-time":"2015-11-27T01:38:26Z","timestamp":1448588306000},"page":"612-620","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Neural correlates of and processes underlying generalized and differential return of fear"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Robert","family":"Scharfenort","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tina B.","family":"Lonsdorf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018121304082723700_nsv142-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.07.007","article-title":"A fast diffeomorphic image registration algorithm","volume":"38","author":"Ashburner","year":"2007","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"8","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018121304082723700_nsv142-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2012.01384.x","article-title":"Publication recommendations for electrodermal measurements","volume":"49","author":"Boucsein","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018121304082723700_nsv142-B4","first-page":"56","article-title":"Differential control by context in the inflation and reinstatement paradigms","volume":"10","author":"Bouton","year":"1984","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes"},{"issue":"02","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018121304082723700_nsv142-B5","article-title":"Context, ambiguity, and unlearning: sources of relapse after behavioral extinction","volume":"3223","author":"Bouton","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018121304082723700_nsv142-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1101\/lm.78804","article-title":"Context and behavioral processes in extinction","volume":"11","author":"Bouton","year":"2004","journal-title":"Learning & Memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)"},{"issue":"4","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018121304082723700_nsv142-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1037\/0097-7403.5.4.368","article-title":"Role of conditioned contextual stimuli in reinstatement of extinguished fear","volume":"5","author":"Bouton","year":"1979","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior Processes"},{"issue":"3","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018121304082723700_nsv142-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1037\/0097-7403.9.3.248","article-title":"Contextual control of the extinction of conditioned fear: tests for the associative value of the context","volume":"9","author":"Bouton","year":"1983","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior Processes"},{"issue":"43","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018121304082723700_nsv142-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0601674103","article-title":"Neural correlates of epigenesis","volume":"103","author":"Canli","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"2","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018121304082723700_nsv142-B10","first-page":"20","article-title":"Elevated responding to safe conditions as a specific risk factor for anxiety versus depressive disorders: evidence from a longitudinal investigation","volume":"121","author":"Craske","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"issue":"7","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018121304082723700_nsv142-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1498","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhq186","article-title":"Three systems of insular functional connectivity identified with cluster analysis","volume":"21","author":"Deen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"issue":"3","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018121304082723700_nsv142-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.01.021","article-title":"An automated labeling system for subdividing the human cerebral cortex on MRI scans into gyral based regions of interest","volume":"31","author":"Desikan","year":"2006","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"10","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018121304082723700_nsv142-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1080\/17470210701515785","article-title":"Differential acquisition, extinction, and reinstatement of conditioned suppression in mice","volume":"60","author":"Dirikx","year":"2007","journal-title":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology (2006)"},{"issue":"4","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018121304082723700_nsv142-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22353","article-title":"Updated meta-analysis of classical fear conditioning in the anxiety disorders","volume":"32","author":"Duits","year":"2015","journal-title":"Depression and Anxiety"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018121304082723700_nsv142-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2013.12.007","article-title":"Can fear extinction be enhanced? A review of pharmacological and behavioral findings","author":"Fitzgerald","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Research Bulletin"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018121304082723700_nsv142-B16","article-title":"Neural signatures of human fear conditioning: an updated and extended meta-analysis of fMRI studies","author":"Fullana","year":"2015","journal-title":"Molecular Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018121304082723700_nsv142-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2011.12.007","article-title":"Neural reactivity tracks fear generalization gradients","volume":"92","author":"Greenberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biological Psychology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018121304082723700_nsv142-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2007.07101581","article-title":"Increased anxiety during anticipation of unpredictable but not predictable aversive stimuli as a psychophysiologic marker of panic disorder","volume":"165","author":"Grillon","year":"2008","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018121304082723700_nsv142-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E2428","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1303061110","article-title":"Single dose of L-dopa makes extinction memories context-independent and prevents the return of fear","volume":"110","author":"Haaker","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"9","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018121304082723700_nsv142-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1101\/lm.036053.114","article-title":"A review on human reinstatement studies: an overview and methodological challenges","volume":"21","author":"Haaker","year":"2014","journal-title":"Learning & Memory"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018121304082723700_nsv142-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2011.02.023","article-title":"Impaired safety signal learning may be a biomarker of PTSD","volume":"62","author":"Jovanovic","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"issue":"37","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018121304082723700_nsv142-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9503","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2021-06.2006","article-title":"Context-dependent human extinction memory is mediated by a ventromedial prefrontal and hippocampal network","volume":"26","author":"Kalisch","year":"2006","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience: The Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018121304082723700_nsv142-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2784-05.2006","article-title":"Attention lights up new object representations before the old ones fade away","volume":"26","author":"Khayat","year":"2006","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience: The Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018121304082723700_nsv142-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2271","article-title":"Beyond extinction: erasing human fear responses and preventing the return of fear","volume":"12","author":"Kindt","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"issue":"3","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018121304082723700_nsv142-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.119.3.677","article-title":"Reinstatement of conditioned fear in humans is context dependent and impaired in amnesia","volume":"119","author":"LaBar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Behavioral Neuroscience"},{"issue":"2","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018121304082723700_nsv142-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1101\/lm.1655010","article-title":"Role of the basolateral amygdala in the reinstatement and extinction of fear responses to a previously extinguished conditioned stimulus","volume":"17","author":"Laurent","year":"2010","journal-title":"Learning & Memory"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018121304082723700_nsv142-B28","article-title":"Generalized anxiety disorder is associated with overgeneralization of classically conditioned fear","author":"Lissek","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018121304082723700_nsv142-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2004.10.007","article-title":"Classical fear conditioning in the anxiety disorders: a meta-analysis","volume":"43","author":"Lissek","year":"2005","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018121304082723700_nsv142-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2009.09030410","article-title":"Overgeneralization of conditioned fear as a pathogenic marker of panic disorder","volume":"167","author":"Lissek","year":"2010","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018121304082723700_nsv142-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2008.10.017","article-title":"Impaired discriminative fear-conditioning resulting from elevated fear responding to learned safety cues among individuals with panic disorder","volume":"47","author":"Lissek","year":"2009","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018121304082723700_nsv142-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsu018","article-title":"Long-term expression of human contextual fear and extinction memories involves amygdala, hippocampus and ventromedial prefrontal cortex: a reinstatement study in two independent samples","author":"Lonsdorf","year":"2014","journal-title":"Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience"},{"issue":"5","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018121304082723700_nsv142-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1971.tb00501.x","article-title":"Direct measurement of skin conductance: a proposal for standardization","volume":"8","author":"Lykken","year":"1971","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018121304082723700_nsv142-B34","article-title":"Stress-induced reinstatement of drug seeking: 20 years of progress","author":"Mantsch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology: Official Publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"6911","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018121304082723700_nsv142-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01138","article-title":"Neurons in medial prefrontal cortex signal memory for fear extinction","volume":"420","author":"Milad","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"5","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018121304082723700_nsv142-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.10.011","article-title":"Recall of fear extinction in humans activates the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in concert","volume":"62","author":"Milad","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018121304082723700_nsv142-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001939","article-title":"Mechanisms of fear extinction","volume":"12","author":"Myers","year":"2007","journal-title":"Molecular Psychiatry"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018121304082723700_nsv142-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(71)90067-4","article-title":"The assessment and analysis of handedness: the Edinburgh inventory","author":"Oldfield","year":"1971","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"issue":"4","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018121304082723700_nsv142-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(92)90354-B","article-title":"The pulvinar and visual salience","volume":"15","author":"Robinson","year":"1992","journal-title":"Trends in Neurosciences"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018121304082723700_nsv142-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08637","article-title":"Preventing the return of fear in humans using reconsolidation update mechanisms","volume":"463","author":"Schiller","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"6","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018121304082723700_nsv142-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e5865","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0005865","article-title":"Human fear conditioning and extinction in neuroimaging: a systematic review","volume":"4","author":"Sehlmeyer","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1428","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018121304082723700_nsv142-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2002.1161","article-title":"The role of the thalamus in the flow of information to the cortex","volume":"357","author":"Sherman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B: Biological Sciences"},{"issue":"10","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018121304082723700_nsv142-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4054","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0810086106","article-title":"Impaired attentional selection following lesions to human pulvinar: evidence for homology between human and monkey","volume":"106","author":"Snow","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018121304082723700_nsv142-B44","article-title":"Electrodermal activity","volume-title":"Techniques in Pychophysiology","author":"Venables","year":"1980"},{"issue":"1","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018121304082723700_nsv142-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2012.01.006","article-title":"Extinction, generalization, and return of fear: a critical review of renewal research in humans","volume":"92","author":"Vervliet","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biological Psychology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t2018121304082723700_nsv142-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185542","article-title":"Fear extinction and relapse: state of the art","volume":"9","author":"Vervliet","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annual Review of Clinical Psychology"}],"container-title":["Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/scan\/article-pdf\/11\/4\/612\/27102452\/nsv142.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,2]],"date-time":"2019-09-02T00:19:46Z","timestamp":1567383586000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/scan\/article\/11\/4\/612\/2375077"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,25]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,25]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/scan\/nsv142","relation":{},"ISSN":["1749-5024","1749-5016"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1749-5024","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1749-5016","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,25]]}}}