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They have typically been studied in clinical populations as phenomena occurring in a single sensory modality. Hallucinatory experiences occurring in multiple sensory systems\u2014multimodal hallucinations (MMHs)\u2014are more prevalent than previously thought and may have greater adverse impact than unimodal ones, but they remain relatively underresearched. Here, we review and discuss: (1) the definition and categorization of both serial and simultaneous MMHs, (2) available assessment tools and how they can be improved, and (3) the explanatory power that current hallucination theories have for MMHs. Overall, we suggest that current models need to be updated or developed to account for MMHs and to inform research into the underlying processes of such hallucinatory phenomena. We make recommendations for future research and for clinical practice, including the need for service user involvement and for better assessment tools that can reliably measure MMHs and distinguish them from other related phenomena.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbaa101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,29]],"date-time":"2020-06-29T23:26:56Z","timestamp":1593473216000},"page":"237-248","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["A Review of Multimodal Hallucinations: Categorization, Assessment, Theoretical Perspectives, and Clinical Recommendations"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Marcella","family":"Montagnese","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimaging Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0801-5501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pantelis","family":"Leptourgos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Connecticut Mental Health Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Fernyhough","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Durham University, Durham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flavie","family":"Waters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Lar\u00f8i","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway"},{"name":"Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit, University of Li\u00e8ge, Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"},{"name":"Norwegian Center of Excellence for Mental Disorders Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4596-1502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renaud","family":"Jardri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Lille, INSERM U1172, CHU Lille, Centre Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Lille, France"},{"name":"Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Computationnelles, ENS, INSERM U960, PSL Research University, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"McCarthy-Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7006-6361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neil","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia"},{"name":"The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rob","family":"Dudley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gateshead Early Intervention in Psychosis Service, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"},{"name":"School of Psychology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John-Paul","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, 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