{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T20:51:38Z","timestamp":1791665498404,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,5]],"date-time":"2021-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council, UK","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["MR\/L003988\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/L003988\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Biomedical Research Centre at South London"},{"name":"Maudsley National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009360","name":"King\u2019s College London","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009360","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>It has been suggested that the antipsychotic clozapine may modulate brain glutamate, and that this effect could contribute to its efficacy in treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS). The aim of this study was to examine the effects of clozapine on brain glutamate in TRS longitudinally. This study examined individuals with TRS before and 12 weeks after switching from a non-clozapine antipsychotic to treatment with clozapine as part of their normal clinical care. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) measured concentrations, corrected for voxel tissue content, of glutamate (Glucorr), and glutamate plus glutamine (Glxcorr) in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and right caudate nucleus. Symptoms were monitored using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Of 37 recruited patients (27 men, 39.30 years old, 84% clozapine na\u00efve), 25 completed 1H-MRS at both timepoints. 12 weeks of clozapine was associated with a longitudinal reduction in Glucorr in the caudate (n = 23, F = 7.61 P = .01) but not in the ACC (n = 24, F = 0.02, P = .59). Percentage reduction in caudate Glucorr was positively correlated with percentage improvement in symptoms (total PANSS score, n = 23, r = .42, P = .04). These findings indicate that reductions in glutamate in the caudate nucleus may contribute to symptomatic improvement during the first months of clozapine treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbaa156","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,30]],"date-time":"2020-09-30T07:42:05Z","timestamp":1601451725000},"page":"662-671","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Changes in Brain Glutamate on Switching to Clozapine in Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Grant","family":"McQueen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King\u2019s College London, De Crespigny Park, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyra-Verena","family":"Sendt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King\u2019s College London, De Crespigny Park, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Gillespie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King\u2019s College London, De Crespigny Park, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessia","family":"Avila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King\u2019s College London, De Crespigny Park, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Lally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King\u2019s College London, De Crespigny Park, London, UK"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kalliopi","family":"Vallianatou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King\u2019s College London, De Crespigny Park, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nynn","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King\u2019s College London, De Crespigny Park, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diogo","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faith","family":"Borgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King\u2019s College London, De Crespigny Park, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver D","family":"Howes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King\u2019s College London, De Crespigny Park, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gareth J","family":"Barker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroimaging, Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroimaging, King\u2019s College London, De Crespigny Park, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J","family":"Lythgoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroimaging, Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroimaging, King\u2019s College London, De Crespigny Park, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James M","family":"Stone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King\u2019s College London, De Crespigny Park, London, UK"},{"name":"South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"McGuire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King\u2019s College London, De Crespigny Park, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James H","family":"MacCabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King\u2019s College London, De Crespigny Park, London, 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