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The cytokines B cell-activating factor (BAFF) and A proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) belong to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) super family and are essential in orchestrating immune responses. Abnormal levels of BAFF and APRIL have been found in autoimmune diseases with CNS affection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We investigated if plasma levels of BAFF and APRIL differed between patients with SCZ, BIP, and MDD with psychotic symptoms (n = 2009) and healthy control subjects (HC, n = 1212), and tested for associations with psychotic symptom load, controlling for sociodemographic status, antipsychotic and other psychotropic medication, smoking, body-mass-index, and high sensitivity CRP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Plasma APRIL level was significantly lower across all patient groups compared to HC (P &amp;lt; .001; Cohen\u2019s d = 0.33), and in SCZ compared to HC (P &amp;lt; .001; d = 0.28) and in BIP compared to HC (P &amp;lt; .001; d = 0.37). Lower plasma APRIL was associated with higher psychotic symptom load with nominal significance (P = .017), but not with any other clinical characteristics. Plasma BAFF was not significantly different across patient groups vs HC, but significantly higher in BIP compared to HC (P = .040; d = 0.12) and SCZ (P = .027; d = 0.10).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results show aberrant levels of BAFF and APRIL and association with psychotic symptoms in patients with SCZ and BIP. This suggest that dysregulation of the TNF system, mediated by BAFF and APRIL, is involved in the pathophysiology of psychotic disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbab106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,16]],"date-time":"2021-08-16T19:12:44Z","timestamp":1629141164000},"page":"37-46","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Plasma Levels of the Cytokines B Cell-Activating Factor (BAFF) and A Proliferation-Inducing Ligand (APRIL) in Schizophrenia, Bipolar, and Major Depressive Disorder: A Cross Sectional, Multisite Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"John Abel","family":"Engh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Vestfold Hospital Trust, Division of Mental health and Addiction, T\u00f8nsberg, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thor","family":"Ueland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"K.G. 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