{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T20:34:04Z","timestamp":1793392444852,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,15]],"date-time":"2022-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652572800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81621003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81621003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82027808"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82027808"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81820108018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81820108018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81501452"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81501452"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["WT213038\/Z\/18\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WT213038\/Z\/18\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Department of General Psychology, University of Padova"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Hypothesis<\/jats:title><jats:p>Schizophrenia is increasingly understood as a disorder of brain dysconnectivity. Recently, graph-based approaches such as graph convolutional network (GCN) have been leveraged to explore complex pairwise similarities in imaging features among brain regions, which can reveal abstract and complex relationships within brain networks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>We used GCN to investigate topological abnormalities of functional brain networks in schizophrenia. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired from 505 individuals with schizophrenia and 907 controls across 6 sites. Whole-brain functional connectivity matrix was extracted for each individual. We examined the performance of GCN relative to support vector machine (SVM), extracted the most salient regions contributing to both classification models, investigated the topological profiles of identified salient regions, and explored correlation between nodal topological properties of each salient region and severity of symptom.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>GCN enabled nominally higher classification accuracy (85.8%) compared with SVM (80.9%). Based on the saliency map, the most discriminative brain regions were located in a distributed network including striatal areas (ie, putamen, pallidum, and caudate) and the amygdala. Significant differences in the nodal efficiency of bilateral putamen and pallidum between patients and controls and its correlations with negative symptoms were detected in post hoc analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present study demonstrates that GCN allows classification of schizophrenia at the individual level with high accuracy, indicating a promising direction for detection of individual patients with schizophrenia. Functional topological deficits of striatal areas may represent a focal neural deficit of negative symptomatology in schizophrenia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbac047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]],"date-time":"2022-04-27T11:44:21Z","timestamp":1651059861000},"page":"881-892","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":83,"title":["Graph Convolutional Networks Reveal Network-Level Functional Dysconnectivity in Schizophrenia"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3503-3692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Du","family":"Lei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , China"},{"name":"Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King\u2019s College London , London , UK"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati, OH , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , China"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati, OH , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter H L","family":"Pinaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King\u2019s College London , London , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King\u2019s College London , London , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Therese","family":"Van Amelsvoort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center , Maastricht , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Machteld","family":"Marcelis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center , Maastricht , The Netherlands"},{"name":"Mental Health Care Institute Eindhoven (GGzE) , Eindhoven , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3037-7426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gary","family":"Donohoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology & Center for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics, NUI Galway University , Galway , Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David O","family":"Mothersill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychology Department, School of Business, National College of Ireland , Dublin , Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aiden","family":"Corvin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King\u2019s College London , London , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3541-1769","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Su","family":"Lui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Scarpazza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King\u2019s College London , London , UK"},{"name":"Department of General Psychology, University of Padova , Padova , Italy"},{"name":"Padova Neuroscience Centre, University of Padova , Padova , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Celso","family":"Arango","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Mara\u00f1on, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense Madrid, IiSGM, CIBERSAM , Madrid , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ed","family":"Bullmore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Mapping Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5912-4871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiyong","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , China"},{"name":"Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Chengdu, Sichuan , China"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, West China Xiamen Hospital of Sichuan University , Xiamen, Fujian , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"McGuire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King\u2019s College London , London , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6770-2934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Mechelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King\u2019s College London , London , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022062117220005200_CIT0001","first-page":"S160","article-title":"Balancing therapeutic safety and efficacy to improve clinical and economic outcomes in schizophrenia: a clinical overview","volume":"20","author":"Javitt","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Manag Care."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022062117220005200_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2012.12070999","article-title":"DSM-5 field trials in the United States and Canada, Part II: test-retest reliability of selected categorical diagnoses","volume":"170","author":"Regier","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry."},{"issue":"3","key":"2022062117220005200_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000069","article-title":"Method matters: understanding diagnostic reliability in DSM-IV and DSM-5","volume":"124","author":"Chmielewski","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2022062117220005200_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1781(01)00318-3","article-title":"Inpatient diagnostic assessments: 2. Interrater reliability and outcomes of structured vs. unstructured interviews","volume":"105","author":"Miller","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"2022062117220005200_CIT0005","first-page":"799","article-title":"Toward robust anxiety biomarkers: a machine learning approach in a large-scale sample","volume":"5","author":"Boeke","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging."},{"issue":"11","key":"2022062117220005200_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.02.017","article-title":"In search of multimodal neuroimaging biomarkers of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia","volume":"78","author":"Sui","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry."},{"issue":"12","key":"2022062117220005200_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2013.10.007","article-title":"Fledgling pathoconnectomics of psychiatric disorders","volume":"17","author":"Rubinov","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"2022062117220005200_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2575","article-title":"Complex brain networks: graph theoretical analysis of structural and functional systems","volume":"10","author":"Bullmore","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci."},{"key":"2022062117220005200_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-040510-143934","article-title":"Brain graphs: graphical models of the human brain connectome","volume":"7","author":"Bullmore","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu Rev Clin Psychol."},{"issue":"6","key":"2022062117220005200_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1503\/jpn.170214","article-title":"Psychoradiological patterns of small-world properties and a systematic review of connectome studies of patients with 6 major psychiatric disorders","volume":"43","author":"Suo","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Psychiatry Neurosci."},{"issue":"19","key":"2022062117220005200_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9604","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1820754116","article-title":"Cortical patterning of abnormal morphometric similarity in psychosis is associated with brain expression of schizophrenia-related genes","volume":"116","author":"Morgan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A."},{"key":"2022062117220005200_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2020.102531","article-title":"Temporal-thalamic and cingulo-opercular connectivity in people with schizophrenia","volume":"29","author":"Culbreth","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin."},{"issue":"28","key":"2022062117220005200_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9477","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0333-10.2010","article-title":"Functional connectivity and brain networks in schizophrenia","volume":"30","author":"Lynall","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurosci."},{"issue":"47","key":"2022062117220005200_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15915","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2874-10.2010","article-title":"Aberrant frontal and temporal complex network structure in schizophrenia: a graph theoretical analysis","volume":"30","author":"van den Heuvel","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurosci."},{"key":"2022062117220005200_CIT0015","first-page":"7","article-title":"Altered small-world brain networks in temporal lobe in patients with schizophrenia performing an auditory oddball task","volume":"5","author":"Yu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front Syst Neurosci."},{"issue":"5","key":"2022062117220005200_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-018-9935-8","article-title":"Altered intra- and inter-hemispheric functional dysconnectivity in schizophrenia","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Imaging Behav."},{"issue":"6","key":"2022062117220005200_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2232","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-019-00175-8","article-title":"Abnormal synchronization of functional and structural networks in schizophrenia","volume":"14","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Imaging Behav."},{"issue":"12","key":"2022062117220005200_CIT0018","first-page":"1125","article-title":"Functional magnetic resonance imaging connectivity accurately distinguishes cases with psychotic disorders from healthy controls, based on cortical features associated with brain network development","volume":"6","author":"Morgan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging."},{"key":"2022062117220005200_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-7027-8_19","article-title":"Functional network disruptions in schizophrenia","volume":"1613","author":"Rish","year":"2017","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2022062117220005200_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000157","article-title":"Connectome and schizophrenia","volume":"28","author":"Narr","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Opin Psychiatry."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022062117220005200_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-014-9248-7","article-title":"Brain networks in schizophrenia","volume":"24","author":"van den Heuvel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuropsychol Rev."},{"issue":"11","key":"2022062117220005200_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1852","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291719001934","article-title":"Detecting schizophrenia at the level of the individual: relative diagnostic value of whole-brain images, connectome-wide functional connectivity and graph-based metrics","volume":"50","author":"Lei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychol Med."},{"issue":"Pt B","key":"2022062117220005200_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.02.079","article-title":"Single subject prediction of brain disorders in neuroimaging: promises and pitfalls","volume":"145","author":"Arbabshirani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuroimage."},{"issue":"Pt A","key":"2022062117220005200_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.01.002","article-title":"Using deep learning to investigate the neuroimaging correlates of psychiatric and neurological disorders: methods and applications","volume":"74","author":"Vieira","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev."},{"key":"2022062117220005200_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S202418","article-title":"Machine learning techniques in a structural and functional MRI diagnostic approach in schizophrenia: a systematic review","volume":"15","author":"de Filippis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat."},{"issue":"2","key":"2022062117220005200_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2018.20.2\/osporns","article-title":"Graph theory methods: applications in brain networks","volume":"20","author":"Sporns","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin Neurosci."},{"issue":"4","key":"2022062117220005200_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2017.2693418","article-title":"Geometric deep learning: going beyond Euclidean data","volume":"34","author":"Bronstein","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Process Mag."},{"key":"2022062117220005200_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1784","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2021.3105669","article-title":"Classification of first-episode schizophrenia, chronic schizophrenia and healthy control based on brain network of mismatch negativity by graph neural network","volume":"29","author":"Chang","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022062117220005200_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s12868-021-00682-9","article-title":"Diagnosis of schizophrenia with functional connectome data: a graph-based convolutional neural network approach","volume":"23","author":"Oh","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Neurosci."},{"key":"2022062117220005200_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.12.052","article-title":"Metric learning with spectral graph convolutions on brain connectivity networks","volume":"169","author":"Ktena","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroimage."},{"key":"2022062117220005200_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2018.06.001","article-title":"Disease prediction using graph convolutional networks: application to autism spectrum disorder and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"48","author":"Parisot","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med Image Anal."},{"issue":"17","key":"2022062117220005200_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4997","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.25175","article-title":"Identifying resting-state effective connectivity abnormalities in drug-na\u00efve major depressive disorder diagnosis via graph convolutional networks","volume":"41","author":"Jun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp."},{"key":"2022062117220005200_CIT0033","author":"Arslan"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022062117220005200_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e42","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.0010042","article-title":"The human connectome: a structural description of the human brain","volume":"1","author":"Sporns","year":"2005","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol."},{"key":"2022062117220005200_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.319","article-title":"Learning deep features for discriminative localization","author":"Zhou","year":"2016"},{"key":"2022062117220005200_CIT0036","volume-title":"Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I\/P)","author":"First","year":"2012"},{"key":"2022062117220005200_CIT0037","first-page":"13","article-title":"DPARSF: a MATLAB toolbox for \u201cpipeline\u201d data analysis of resting-state fMRI","volume":"4","author":"Chao-Gan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Front Syst Neurosci."},{"issue":"11","key":"2022062117220005200_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4213","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24241","article-title":"Statistical harmonization corrects site effects in functional connectivity measurements from multi-site fMRI data","volume":"39","author":"Yu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp."},{"issue":"8","key":"2022062117220005200_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.3390\/math9080830","article-title":"k-Nearest neighbor learning with graph neural networks","volume":"9","author":"Kang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mathematics."},{"issue":"5997","key":"2022062117220005200_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1194144","article-title":"Prediction of individual brain maturity using fMRI","volume":"329","author":"Dosenbach","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"2022062117220005200_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.11.007","article-title":"Machine learning classifiers and fMRI: a tutorial overview","volume":"45","author":"Pereira","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroimage."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022062117220005200_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sby189","article-title":"Using machine learning and structural neuroimaging to detect first episode psychosis: reconsidering the evidence","volume":"46","author":"Vieira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull."},{"key":"2022062117220005200_CIT0043","first-page":"386","article-title":"GRETNA: a graph theoretical network analysis toolbox for imaging connectomics","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci."},{"key":"2022062117220005200_CIT0044","first-page":"89","article-title":"Standardization in psychological research","volume":"3","author":"Fischer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Jpn Psychol Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022062117220005200_CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2020.00006","article-title":"Shared gray matter alterations in individuals with diverse behavioral addictions: a voxel-wise meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Qin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Behav Addict."},{"issue":"5","key":"2022062117220005200_CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2014.02.011","article-title":"Connectomics: a new paradigm for understanding brain disease","volume":"25","author":"Fornito","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"2022062117220005200_CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2018.03.017","article-title":"Multi-site diagnostic classification of schizophrenia using discriminant deep learning with functional connectivity MRI","volume":"30","author":"Zeng","year":"2018","journal-title":"EBioMedicine."},{"issue":"5","key":"2022062117220005200_CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24863","article-title":"Integrating machining learning and multimodal neuroimaging to detect schizophrenia at the level of the individual","volume":"41","author":"Lei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022062117220005200_CIT0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.1.13","article-title":"Psychosis as a state of aberrant salience: a framework linking biology, phenomenology, and pharmacology in schizophrenia","volume":"160","author":"Kapur","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry."},{"issue":"11","key":"2022062117220005200_CIT0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.148.11.1474","article-title":"Dopamine in schizophrenia: a review and reconceptualization","volume":"148","author":"Davis","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry."},{"issue":"11","key":"2022062117220005200_CIT0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1988.01800350089019","article-title":"Implications of normal brain development for the pathogenesis of schizophrenia","volume":"45","author":"Siris","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022062117220005200_CIT0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/2.1.19","article-title":"The dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia: a review","volume":"2","author":"Meltzer","year":"1976","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull."},{"issue":"3","key":"2022062117220005200_CIT0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2018.12.004","article-title":"Schizophrenia, dopamine and the striatum: from biology to symptoms","volume":"42","author":"McCutcheon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"2022062117220005200_CIT0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2017.00245","article-title":"Decreased left putamen and thalamus volume correlates with delusions in first-episode schizophrenia patients","volume":"8","author":"Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry."},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"2022062117220005200_CIT0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2015.10.029","article-title":"Baseline putamen volume as a predictor of positive symptom reduction in patients at clinical high risk for psychosis: a preliminary study","volume":"169","author":"Hong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Schizophr Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"2022062117220005200_CIT0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-018-0175-9","article-title":"A transdiagnostic neuroanatomical signature of psychiatric illness","volume":"44","author":"Gong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology."},{"issue":"4","key":"2022062117220005200_CIT0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.2206","article-title":"Identification of a common neurobiological substrate for mental illness","volume":"72","author":"Goodkind","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry."},{"issue":"10","key":"2022062117220005200_CIT0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1460","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2015.209","article-title":"Abnormal asymmetries in subcortical brain volume in schizophrenia","volume":"21","author":"Okada","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry."},{"key":"2022062117220005200_CIT0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.60.110707.163514","article-title":"The social brain: neural basis of social knowledge","volume":"60","author":"Adolphs","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annu Rev Psychol."},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"2022062117220005200_CIT0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/118.1.15","article-title":"Face processing impairments after amygdalotomy","volume":"118","author":"Young","year":"1995","journal-title":"Brain."},{"issue":"15","key":"2022062117220005200_CIT0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2533","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291718003471","article-title":"Frontostriatal functional connectivity and striatal dopamine synthesis capacity in schizophrenia in terms of antipsychotic responsiveness: an [(18)F]DOPA PET and fMRI study","volume":"49","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychol Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"2022062117220005200_CIT0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291719003568","article-title":"Neuroanatomical abnormalities in first-episode psychosis across independent samples: a multi-centre mega-analysis","volume":"51","author":"Vieira","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychol Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"2022062117220005200_CIT0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1995.03950240079013","article-title":"Frontal and temporal lobe brain volumes in schizophrenia. Relationship to symptoms and clinical subtype","volume":"52","author":"Turetsky","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry."},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"2022062117220005200_CIT0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(01)00372-3","article-title":"An MRI study of temporal lobe abnormalities and negative symptoms in chronic schizophrenia","volume":"58","author":"Anderson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Schizophr Res."},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"2022062117220005200_CIT0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2016.03.033","article-title":"Increased superior frontal gyrus activation during working memory processing in psychosis: significant relation to cumulative antipsychotic medication and to negative symptoms","volume":"175","author":"Vogel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Schizophr Res."},{"key":"2022062117220005200_CIT0066","article-title":"Gnnexplainer: generating explanations for graph neural networks.","author":"Ying"},{"key":"2022062117220005200_CIT0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","article-title":"Graphlime: local interpretable model explanations for graph neural networks,","author":"Huang","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2022.3187455"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022062117220005200_CIT0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-020-0798-6","article-title":"Translating research findings into clinical practice: a systematic and critical review of neuroimaging-based clinical tools for brain disorders","volume":"10","author":"Scarpazza","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry."}],"container-title":["Schizophrenia Bulletin"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/schizophreniabulletin\/article-pdf\/48\/4\/881\/44157182\/sbac047.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/schizophreniabulletin\/article-pdf\/48\/4\/881\/44157182\/sbac047.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]],"date-time":"2023-02-03T18:45:42Z","timestamp":1675449942000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/schizophreniabulletin\/article\/48\/4\/881\/6586020"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,15]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,21]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/schbul\/sbac047","relation":{},"ISSN":["0586-7614","1745-1701"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0586-7614","type":"print"},{"value":"1745-1701","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,15]]}}}