{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T10:05:07Z","timestamp":1778839507228,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,25]],"date-time":"2023-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Priorities Research Program","award":["NPRP-11S-0119-180341"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NPRP-11S-0119-180341"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Hypothesis<\/jats:title><jats:p>While literature indicates that culture modulates phenomenological characteristics of hallucinations in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, little is known about the extent culture modulates these characteristics in nonclinical samples.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>We compared lifetime prevalence, age of onset, and phenomenology of hallucinations as assessed with the Questionnaire for Psychotic Experiences between samples of nonclinical participants used from the Netherlands (N = 2999) and Qatar (N = 2999). While participant recruitment differed between the 2 countries, the samples were relatively equal in terms of demographic factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings indicate that the lifetime prevalence of tactile and olfactory hallucinations are the same across countries. However, the prevalence of auditory hallucinations (AH) and visual hallucinations (VH) were twice as high in the Dutch sample. The reported age of onset for auditory and tactile hallucinations was younger for the Dutch sample. Findings from the measurement invariance supported cross-cultural comparisons with exception for duration, distress, and insight. Qatar\u2019s and Dutch participants reported similar valence and extent of interaction with AH and VH. However, compared to those in the Netherlands, participants from Qatar reported significantly more impact on daily functioning and a higher prevalence of receiving commands from hallucinations in the past week.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>While AH and VH were more often reported in the Dutch sample, participants in Qatar generally had higher mean factor scores for past week AH and VH than in the Netherlands. The phenomenology of hallucinations in the Qatar sample was of greater clinical relevance, with potentially important implications for early screening and prevention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbac086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,25]],"date-time":"2023-02-25T10:10:51Z","timestamp":1677319851000},"page":"S13-S24","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Cross-cultural Differences in Hallucinations: A Comparison Between Middle Eastern and European Community-Based Samples"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8844-3441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salma M","family":"Khaled","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Social and Economic Survey Research Institute\u2013SESRI, Qatar University , Doha , Qatar"},{"name":"Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University , Doha , Qatar"},{"name":"Department of Population Medicine, College of Medicine, Qatar University , Doha , Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sanne G","family":"Brederoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arij","family":"Yehya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Core Curriculum Program, Qatar University , Doha , Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Majid","family":"Alabdulla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry Department, Hamad Medical Cooperation , Doha , Qatar"},{"name":"College of Medicine, Qatar University , Doha , Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter W","family":"Woodruff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield , Sheffield , UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iris E C","family":"Sommer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl_4","key":"2023022510103826900_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S213","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbu012","article-title":"Culture and hallucinations: overview and future directions","volume":"40","author":"Lar\u00f8i","year":"2014","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull."},{"issue":"5","key":"2023022510103826900_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.3109\/09540261.2012.708649","article-title":"Cultural 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