{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T01:53:59Z","timestamp":1773280439934,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,19]],"date-time":"2022-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666137600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>In 1916, Ernst R\u00fcdin published the first modern family study in the history of psychiatric genetics, the major goal of which was to test whether the pattern of risk in the siblings of dementia praecox (DP) probands followed Mendelian expectations. He utilized systematic ascertainment of probands and multisourced diagnostic assessments of probands and relatives, applying the narrow Kraepelinian concept of DP. In a novel step, he collaborated closely with a statistical geneticist\u2014Wilhelm Weinberg\u2014and applied his sibling, proband, and age correction methods. In his key sample\u2014701 sibships when neither parent had DP\u2014the morbid risk for DP in siblings was 4.48%, much lower than 25% expected for a recessive disorder. Risk for DP was increased by alcoholism or other mental disorders in parents. Other non-DP psychoses were common in both siblings and parents of DP probands. R\u00fcdin discussed several alternative genetic models for DP including a 2-locus recessive, incomplete penetrance, and an oligogenic model. The high rates of other psychoses and psychopathic personalities in relatives might arise, he suggested, because these disorders shared genetic risks with DP. R\u00fcdin established that DP, when carefully studied, ran in families, did not have a simple Mendelian genetic transmission pattern, and appeared likely to be genetically related to other non-DP psychotic disorders and perhaps some kinds of psychopathic personalities. This study, the most important in R\u00fcdin\u2019s career, should be viewed in the context of his later extensive support of and collaboration with Nazi eugenic policies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbac107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,19]],"date-time":"2022-10-19T16:19:34Z","timestamp":1666196374000},"page":"S8-S19","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["R\u00fcdin\u2019s 1916 Monograph: On the Inheritance and Primary Origin of Dementia Praecox"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8689-6570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenneth S","family":"Kendler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute of Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Medical College of Virginia\/Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, VA , USA"},{"name":"Department of Germanic Languages and Literatures, University of Toronto , Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Astrid","family":"Klee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute of Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Medical College of Virginia\/Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, VA , USA"},{"name":"Department of Germanic Languages and Literatures, University of Toronto , Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2022102114204980900_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8628(19960726)67:4<332::AID-AJMG3>3.0.CO;2-O","article-title":"Ernst R\u00fcdin (1874-1952) and his genealogic-demographic department in Munich (1917-1986): an introduction to their family studies of schizophrenia","volume":"67","author":"Zerbin-R\u00fcdin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet."},{"key":"2022102114204980900_CIT0002","article-title":"Studien \u00fcber Vererbung und Entstehung Geistiger St\u00f6rungen. I. Zur Vererbung und Neuentstehung der Dementia praecox (Studies on the inheritance and origin of mental illness. I. The problem of the inheritance and primary origin of dementia praecox).","volume-title":"Monographien aus dem Gesamtgebiet der Neurologie und Psychiatrie, Number 12","author":"R\u00fcdin","year":"1916"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022102114204980900_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1080\/09540260400014419","article-title":"From degeneration to genetic susceptibility, from eugenics to genethics, from Bezugsziffer to LOD score: the history of psychiatric genetics","volume":"16","author":"Schulze","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int Rev Psychiatry."},{"key":"2022102114204980900_CIT0004","first-page":"86","article-title":"Inheritance of Mental Disorders.","volume-title":"The Chances of Morbid Inheritance.","author":"Lewis","year":"1934"},{"key":"2022102114204980900_CIT0005","volume-title":"Genetic Theory and Abnormal Behavior.","author":"Rosenthal","year":"1970"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022102114204980900_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8628(19960726)67:4<343::AID-AJMG5>3.0.CO;2-N","article-title":"Abstract and review of \u201cZur Erbpathologie der Schizophrenie\u201d (Contribution to the genetics of schizophrenia)","volume":"67","author":"Kendler","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022102114204980900_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02865154","article-title":"Einige Wege und Ziele der Familienforschung, mit R\u00fccksicht auf die Psychiatrie","volume":"7","author":"R\u00fcdin","year":"1911","journal-title":"Z Gesamte Neurol Psychiatr."},{"key":"2022102114204980900_CIT0008","article-title":"Ernst R\u00fcdin\u2019s 1911 vision of a mendelian psychiatric genetics research program: his paper \u201cmethods and goals of family research in psychiatry\u201d","author":"Kendler","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022102114204980900_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.113.152975","article-title":"Wilhelm Weinberg\u2019s early contribution to segregation analysis","volume":"195","author":"Stark","year":"2013","journal-title":"Genetics."},{"issue":"2","key":"2022102114204980900_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.68.2.221","article-title":"A study of heredity in insanity in the light of the Mendelian theory","volume":"68","author":"Rosanoff","year":"1911","journal-title":"Am J Psychiattry."},{"issue":"2317","key":"2022102114204980900_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.2317.1175-a","article-title":"On the inheritance of insanity","volume":"1","author":"Pearson","year":"1905","journal-title":"Br Med J."},{"key":"2022102114204980900_CIT0012","volume-title":"A first study of the statistics of insanity and the inheritance of the insane diathesis","author":"Heron","year":"1907"},{"key":"2022102114204980900_CIT0013","article-title":"On the Inheritance of the Diathesis of Phthisis and Insanity; a Statistical Study based upon the Family History of 1,500 Criminals.","volume-title":"Drapers\u2019 Company Research Memoirs; Department of Applied Mathematics UC, London","author":"Goring","year":"1909"},{"key":"2022102114204980900_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.32885","article-title":"The beginnings of biometrical psychiatric genetics: Studies of the insane diathesis 1905\u20131909","volume":"189","author":"Kendler","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet."},{"key":"2022102114204980900_CIT0015","first-page":"165","article-title":"Methode und Fehlerquellen der Untersuchung auf Mendelschen Zahlen beim Menschen","volume":"9","author":"Weinberg","year":"1912","journal-title":"Arch Rass Ges Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022102114204980900_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-1809.1951.tb02474.x","article-title":"Classification of methods of ascertainment and analysis in estimating the frequencies of recessives in man","volume":"16","author":"Bailey","year":"1951","journal-title":"Ann Eugen."},{"key":"2022102114204980900_CIT0017","first-page":"694","article-title":"Zur Vererbung der Anlage der Bluterkrankheit mit methodol. 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