{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T21:47:37Z","timestamp":1792014457214,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,26]],"date-time":"2022-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666742400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"UK Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/V012878\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/V012878\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"UK Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/M021475\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/M021475\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AG046938"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AG046938"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Seventh Framework Programme","award":["FP7\/2007-2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FP7\/2007-2013"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019418","name":"Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019418","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King\u2019s College"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Hypothesis<\/jats:title><jats:p>Large-scale epidemiological and genetic research have shown that psychotic experiences in the community are risk factors for adverse physical and psychiatric outcomes. We investigated the associations of six types of specific psychotic experiences and negative symptoms assessed in mid-adolescence with well-established environmental and genetic risk factors for psychosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fourteen polygenic risk scores (PRS) and nine geographical environmental variables from 3590 participants of the Twins Early Development Study (mean age 16) were associated with paranoia, hallucinations, cognitive disorganization, grandiosity, anhedonia, and negative symptoms scales. The predictors were modeled using LASSO regularization separately (Genetic and Environmental models) and jointly (GE model).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In joint GE models, we found significant genetic associations of negative symptoms with educational attainment PRS (\u03b2 = \u2212.07; 95% CI\u2005=\u2005\u22120.12 to \u22120.04); cognitive disorganization with neuroticism PRS (\u03b2 = .05; 95% CI\u2005=\u20050.03\u20130.08); paranoia with MDD (\u03b2 = .07; 95% CI\u2005=\u20050.04\u20130.1), BMI (\u03b2 = .05; 95% CI\u2005=\u20050.02\u20130.08), and neuroticism PRS (\u03b2 = .05; 95% CI\u2005=\u20050.02\u20130.08). From the environmental measures only family SES (\u03b2 = \u2212.07, 95% CI\u2005=\u2005\u22120.10 to \u22120.03) and regional education levels (\u03b2 = \u2212.06; 95% CI\u2005=\u2005\u22120.09 to \u22120.02) were associated with negative symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings advance understanding of how genetic propensity for psychiatric, cognitive, and anthropometric traits, as well as environmental factors, together play a role in creating vulnerability for specific psychotic experiences and negative symptoms in mid-adolescence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbac149","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,26]],"date-time":"2022-10-26T16:06:36Z","timestamp":1666800396000},"page":"319-328","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Genetic and Geographical Associations With Six Dimensions of Psychotic Experiences in Adolesence"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Jessye","family":"Maxwell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatric Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King\u2019s College London , London , UK"},{"name":"NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust , London , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9576-2176","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelica","family":"Ronald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London , London , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alastair G","family":"Cardno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Psychological and Social Medicine, University of Leeds , Leeds , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerome","family":"Breen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatric Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King\u2019s College London , London , UK"},{"name":"NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust , London , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaili","family":"Rimfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatric Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King\u2019s College London , London , UK"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London , Surrey , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6363-0438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evangelos","family":"Vassos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatric Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King\u2019s College London , London , UK"},{"name":"NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust , London , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023031516464703400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(99)00224-8","article-title":"Strauss (1969) revisited: a psychosis continuum in the general population?","volume":"45","author":"Van Os","year":"2000","journal-title":"Schizophr Res."},{"key":"2023031516464703400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbr188","article-title":"Introduction: the extended psychosis phenotype\u2014relationship with schizophrenia and with ultrahigh risk status for psychosis","volume":"38","author":"Van Os","year":"2012","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull."},{"key":"2023031516464703400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01730-X","article-title":"Schizophrenia","volume":"399","author":"Jauhar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"2023031516464703400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.151.2.145","article-title":"The symptoms of chronic schizophrenia. 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